在2023年至2024年期间,在赞比亚卢萨卡爆发霍乱的地理空间分析
William Ngosa1,2, Tadatsugu Imamura3,4,5, Nyuma Mbewe1
1Zambia National Public Health Institute, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia.
Tropical medicine and health
|March 29, 2025
概括
环境因素,如卫生和卫生条件差,在赞比亚卢萨卡显著推动了霍乱的爆发. 改善水,卫生和卫生 (WASH) 基础设施对于预防未来的流行病至关重要.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 地理空间分析的研究.
背景情况:
- 赞比亚,特别是卢萨卡,面临着反复爆发的霍乱疫情.
- 以前的研究将高霍乱发病率与恶劣的卫生和排水联系起来.
- 2023-2024年的疫情是有史以来规模最大的疫情,促使对持续存在的环境风险因素进行调查.
研究的目的:
- 调查2023-2024年卢萨卡爆发期间霍乱病例的地理空间模式.
- 为了确定与霍乱发病率相关的环境因素.
- 评估先前识别的风险因素的持续性.
主要方法:
- 卢萨卡地区疑似霍乱病例的地理空间分析.
- 使用电子监控收集患者数据和地理坐标.
- 时空扫描统计数据以检测病例集群.
- 斯皮尔曼的等级相关性分析了霍乱发病率和水,卫生和卫生 (WASH) 因素之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 确定了4,591例疑似霍乱病例,各选区的发病率各不相同.
- 在非规划住宅区观察到更高的发病率.
- 在家里缺乏肥/洗剂 (ρ=0.457) 和缺乏洗手水 (ρ=0.421) 与霍乱发病率的增加有显著联系.
结论:
- 环境因素,特别是未规划区域的不充分的WASH接入,仍然是霍乱传播的关键驱动因素.
- 改善WASH基础设施对于卢萨卡的霍乱控制至关重要.
- 需要针对高风险地区制定有针对性的公共卫生战略,以减轻未来的疫情爆发.
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