将自闭症谱系障碍患者和没有自闭症患者之间的物质使用障碍患病率进行比较
Victor Lushin1, Steven Marcus2, Sha Tao3
1National Institutes of Health, USA.
Autism : the international journal of research and practice
|March 29, 2025
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的人面临更高的物质使用障碍 (SUD) 风险,特别是大麻和幻觉剂使用,从2012年到2016年,患病率显著增加. 同时出现的心理健康状况加剧了这种风险.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 越来越多的证据表明,自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 患者中使用物质障碍 (SUD) 的风险不成比例.
- 了解ASD中SUD的流行率和风险因素对于有针对性的干预和政策制定至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较SUD在Medicaid注册的患有自闭症和没有自闭症的患病率.
- 为了检查这种关联如何根据性别,年龄和同时发生的心理健康状况而有所不同.
- 调查非ASD精神健康状况和健康的社会决定因素的缓和作用.
主要方法:
- 分析国家一级的医疗补助申请数据 (N=388,426患有自闭症,N=745,699没有自闭症).
- 在人口群体中比较SUD流行率,并根据同时出现的心理健康状况进行调整.
- 整合美国人口普查关于社会经济贫困的数据,以评估健康的社会决定因素.
主要成果:
- 患有自闭症症 (没有智力障碍) 的Medicaid受益人中SUD的患病率从2012年的1.75%增加到2016年的7%.
- 30-64岁的自闭症患者显示大麻和幻觉使用障碍的风险较高.
- 同时出现的精神健康状况显著加剧了ASD患者的SUD风险 (影响ASD组的50%与非ASD组的23%).
结论:
- 自闭症与SUD风险显著增加和增加有关,特别是在特定年龄组和物质类型中.
- 同时出现的心理健康状况是ASD人口中SUD放大的主要风险因素.
- 研究结果强调需要综合护理模式,既应对ASD和SUD,同时考虑健康的社会决定因素.
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