相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 6, 2026

05:29
Behavioral Approaches to Studying Innate Stress in Zebrafish
Published on: May 1, 2019
乐观和悲观的认知判断偏差调节了斑马鱼的压力反应和癌症进展
Felipe Espigares1, M Victoria Alvarado1, Diana Abad-Tortosa1,2
1GIMM - Gulbenkian Institute for Molecular Medicine, Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal.
Translational psychiatry
|March 29, 2025
概括
认知判断偏见,一个人格特征,影响压力反应和疾病弹性. 悲观的人表现出更高的应激反应能力,比乐观的人更容易患病.
科学领域:
- 行为神经科学 行为神经科学
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 压力生理学 压力生理学
背景情况:
- 认知判断偏见,表现为乐观或悲观的解释模两可的刺激,观察到动物和人类.
- 假设这种偏见是一种与压力反应和易受压力相关疾病的性格特征.
研究的目的:
- 调查斑马鱼的判断偏见是否是一种一致的行为特征.
- 为了确定乐观和悲观的斑马鱼是否表现出不同的神经基因组和生理应激反应.
- 探讨判断偏见对疾病弹性的影响.
主要方法:
- 评估斑马鱼的判断偏差随着时间的推移,以确定其作为行为特征的一致性.
- 分析了乐观与悲观的斑马鱼表型中对压力的神经基因组反应.
- 在慢性压力下检查了下丘脑 - 垂体 - 内脏 (HPI) 轴的差异激活.
- 在斑马鱼黑色素瘤模型中量化瘤发生,以评估疾病抵抗力.
主要成果:
- 斑马鱼的判断偏见被证实是一致的行为特征.
- 乐观和悲观的斑马鱼表现出表型特定的神经基因组应激反应.
- 不同的HPI轴激活表明乐观鱼类的应激反应性较低.
- 乐观的斑马鱼表现出减少的瘤发生,表明更强的抗病能力.
结论:
- 斑马鱼的判断偏见是一种稳定的性格特征,与明显的压力反应有关.
- 乐观与较低的压力反应能力和对与压力相关的疾病的强化性相关.
- 这些发现突出了认知偏见,压力生理学和疾病易感性之间的联系.
相关概念视频
Psychological Responses to Stress
Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
Primary Appraisal:...
Primary Appraisal:...
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques II
Personality types, particularly Type A and Type B, significantly influence how individuals respond to stress. These personality distinctions are marked by varying levels of ambition, competitiveness, and coping styles, all of which shape an individual's resilience to stressors.
Type A Personality: Driven and Easily Stressed
Individuals with Type A personalities are often highly competitive and ambitious and operate with a strong sense of urgency. Commonly labeled as "workaholics," they...
Type A Personality: Driven and Easily Stressed
Individuals with Type A personalities are often highly competitive and ambitious and operate with a strong sense of urgency. Commonly labeled as "workaholics," they...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
Unrealistic Optimism Bias
Unrealistic optimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes. This cognitive bias makes individuals believe they are less likely to experience failures, setbacks, or risks and more likely to succeed than others. For example, people may assume they are less prone to health issues, accidents, or financial struggles than their peers, even when they share similar risk factors.One key component of this bias is the above-average effect, where individuals perceive...
The Influence of Cognition on Affect
Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be interpreted as...

