在生命的前两年呼吸和心脏整感觉敏感性
Markus R Tünte1,2, Stefanie Hoehl1, Moritz Wunderwald1
1University of Vienna, Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Vienna, Austria.
eLife
|March 31, 2025
概括
婴儿在整个发育过程中对心脏信号表现出敏感性. 呼吸道整感受敏感性在第一年就存在,但在18个月后会下降,这表明整感受有不同的发展轨迹.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人类发展 人类发展
背景情况:
- 内部感知,即对身体内部信号的感知,被认为对人类早期发育至关重要.
- 现有的关于婴儿整体感受敏感性的经验证据,特别是心脏,是混合的,并且在年龄范围内有限.
- 以前的研究只关注心脏信号,忽视了呼吸等其他整体感受方式.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究3,9个月和18个月的婴儿的心脏整感受敏感性.
- 引入和评估一种新型范式 (iBREATH) 用于测量婴儿呼吸道整体感应灵敏度.
- 检查早期发育中的心脏和呼吸道整接收的发育轨迹和相互关系.
主要方法:
- 使用修改的心脏整感受敏感性范式对135名3岁,9岁和18个月的婴儿进行了研究.
- 引入了iBREATH范式,用于评估120名婴儿的呼吸道整体感应灵敏度.
- 采用横截面和纵向方法,并使用规格曲线和大分析方法验证结果.
主要成果:
- 婴儿始终表现出心脏整体感应敏感性,在所有测试年龄段都更喜欢与心跳同步的刺激.
- 在12个月以下的婴儿中观察到呼吸道整感受敏感性,但在18个月后没有观察到.
- 心脏和呼吸道整感受敏感性之间的关系在18个月时出现,但在较早的年龄 (3和9个月) 时没有出现.
结论:
- 婴儿在生命的第一年表现出对心脏和呼吸系统互感信号的敏感性.
- 心脏和呼吸道整感受之间有不同的发育模式,呼吸道敏感性显示18个月的下降.
- 研究结果支持整体感受在人类早期发育中的重要作用,强调了不同整体感受方式的不同成熟时间表.
相关概念视频
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate
Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
Physiological Control of Respiration
Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
Neural Control of Respiration
The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers
Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated. Under...
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated. Under...
Other Factors Affecting Respiration Centers
Breathing is primarily an involuntary activity regulated by the brainstem respiratory centers. However, it can also be consciously controlled, allowing us to hold our breath or take deeper breaths when needed. This voluntary control is facilitated by the cerebral motor cortex, which bypasses the medullary centers to stimulate the respiratory muscles directly.
However, the ability to hold one's breath voluntarily is not limitless. When the CO2 concentration in the blood reaches a critical level,...
However, the ability to hold one's breath voluntarily is not limitless. When the CO2 concentration in the blood reaches a critical level,...
Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration
The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:


