大脑神经标志物可以预测成年人,临床和发育样本中的自我和其他相关心态
Dorukhan Açıl1,2,3, Jessica R Andrews-Hanna4,5, Marina Lopez-Sola6,7
1Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|March 31, 2025
概括
研究人员确定了大脑活动模式,可以准确地预测对自己和他人进行心理思考. 这些神经特征在精神疾病中发生变化,并显示出发育变化.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 精神化,理解内在状态的能力,对于社会互动至关重要.
- 精神障碍在精神病和神经发育障碍中很常见.
- 目前缺乏可靠的大脑标记物来识别心智化.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 大脑签名,用于自我和其他相关的心理.
- 测试这些特征在不同年龄组和临床群体的普遍性.
- 为了确定社会认知过程的潜在神经标志物.
主要方法:
- 将可解释的机器学习方法应用于281名参与者的fMRI数据.
- 经过培训和验证的分类器可以预测自我思维,他人的思维,以及两者兼而有之.
- 在健康成年人,青少年和精神分裂症和双相情感障碍患者中测试了分类器的性能.
主要成果:
- 一个对自我和他人的分类器在独立验证中实现了98%的准确性.
- 自我思维和其他思维分类器显示出不同的神经模式 (前/中间与后/侧脑区域),分别准确率为82%和77%.
- 健康成年人与精神分裂症患者相比,观察到更好的自我/他人分离,并且在青春期随着年龄的增加.
结论:
- 确定了自从青春期就存在的自我和他人的思维的一致和可分离的神经模式.
- 这些精神化的特征在严重的神经精神疾病中功能性地改变.
- 这些发现为各种环境和临床条件中的社会认知提供了有前途的机械神经标志物.
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