收费类受体7 (TLR7) 介导的抗病毒反应可以保护小鼠免受致命的SARS-CoV-2感染
Roshan Ghimire1, Rakshya Shrestha1, Radhika Amaradhi2
1Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.
Journal of virology
|March 31, 2025
概括
收费类受体7 (TLR7) 激活对于控制SARS-CoV-2复制和预防致命性肺炎至关重要. TLR7缺乏会损害抗病毒免疫力,增加小鼠的死亡率和肺病理,突出其保护作用.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 呼吸系统医学 呼吸系统医学
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 由于抗病毒免疫力受损和过度炎症导致致命的肺炎.
- 模式识别受体,如Toll-like受体7 (TLR7) 在肺部抗病毒和炎症反应对SARS-CoV-2的作用尚不清楚.
- 病毒单链RNA激活TLR7/8,诱导干扰素 (IFN) 和炎症类细胞因子.
研究的目的:
- 研究TLR7在肺部抗病毒和炎症反应中对SARS-CoV-2感染的体内作用.
- 在SARS-CoV-2感染的小鼠模型中确定TLR7缺乏对肺炎严重程度和死亡率的影响.
- 评估TLR7介导的干扰素反应对SARS-CoV-2诱导的肺病的保护作用.
主要方法:
- 野生型和TLR7缺陷 (TLR7-/-) 的小鼠感染了适应小鼠的SARS-CoV-2 (MA-CoV-2).
- 评估肺部病毒负载,发病率,死亡率和炎症标志物.
- 对肺部I型和III型干扰素 (IFN) 和IFN刺激基因 (ISG) 的分析.
- 阻断I型IFN受体 (IFNAR) 信号,以评估其对疾病严重程度的影响.
- 肺组织中SARS-CoV-2抗原阳性细胞的免疫组织化学分析.
主要成果:
- TLR7缺乏症显著增加了肺病毒负载,发病率和死亡率.
- TLR7-/-小鼠在肺部表现出降低了I型和III型IFN和ISG的水平.
- 阻断IFNAR信号导致100%的死亡率,增加了SARS-CoV-2复制和严重的肺病理.
- 在TLR7-/-小鼠中观察到中性粒细胞积累增加和肺病理.
- 在TLR7-/-和IFNAR缺乏的小鼠中发现了较多的SARS-CoV-2抗原阳性巨细胞,肺细胞和支气管上皮细胞.
结论:
- TLR7诱导的干扰素和ISG反应对于抑制SARS-CoV-2复制和肺部病理学至关重要.
- 尽管诱导炎症,但TLR7对SARS-CoV-2诱导的致命肺炎起着保护作用.
- 没有TLR7或IFNAR信号的MA-CoV-2感染小鼠可以作为研究COVID-19病变的相关模型.
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