船上的录音显示了蝙蝠如何在严重的声学干扰下进行机动
Aya Goldshtein1,2,3,4, Omer Mazar5, Lee Harten4
1Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany.
概括
呼声定位蝙蝠在从洞穴中出来时面临着强烈的声学掩饰. 尽管如此,蝙蝠巧妙地导航并避免碰撞,表现出了显著的感官弹性.
科学领域:
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 生物声学是一种生物声学.
- 感官神经科学是一种神经科学.
背景情况:
- 呼声定位蝙蝠使用主动声学传感进行导航.
- 通过多个蝙蝠同时进行回声定位可以导致声学干扰和掩盖.
- 蝙蝠密度高,例如在洞穴出现时,会带来极端的声学挑战.
研究的目的:
- 研究蝙蝠如何在密集的社会群体中应对严重的声学掩饰.
- 了解蝙蝠在同步回声定位期间使用的感觉和运动策略,以避免碰撞.
- 从一个大型集体中的单个蝙蝠的角度分析声学环境.
主要方法:
- 追踪大老鼠尾巴蝙蝠在大集群中的运动.
- 使用附在蝙蝠上的微型麦克风记录声学环境.
- 通过收集的声学和运动数据开发一个传感运动模型.
主要成果:
- 蝙蝠在洞穴出现时经历了显著的声学掩饰,随着它们的分散,声音迅速减少.
- 声学掩盖水平很高,但不会导致频繁的碰撞.
- 蝙蝠成功地操纵并避免碰撞,即使在严峻的掩护条件下.
结论:
- 蝙蝠对严重的声学掩饰表现出了显著的弹性,保持有效的导航和避免碰撞.
- 这项研究表明,蝙蝠在密集的群体中不依赖干扰回避反应来避免碰撞.
- 蝙蝠拥有复杂的策略,在复杂的,声学上具有挑战性的环境中管理感官信息.
相关概念视频
00:53Sound Waves: Interference
3.7K
Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
3.7K
01:06Echo
477
The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
477