相关实验视频
Updated: May 16, 2025

12:44
Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
Published on: July 24, 2016
7.9K
量化第三极河流对山流的多球体影响
Chenhao Chai1, Lei Wang2, Deliang Chen3
1School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China.
Journal of environmental management
|March 31, 2025
概括
山流水受气候,冰川和植被的影响. 气候变化是主要的驱动因素,但冰川和植被变化也调节了水资源,影响了下游管理.
科学领域:
- 水文学的水文学
- 气候科学 气候科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 山流对于水资源至关重要,但由于多层相互作用而导致的变化尚不清楚.
- 对大气,冰川和植被变化对山地水文学的量化影响是具有挑战性的,因为数据和方法的限制.
研究的目的:
- 量化气候变暖,潮湿,冰川退缩和植被绿化对萨尔文河流域上游山脉下水的影响.
- 为了确定山区流水变化的主要驱动因素.
主要方法:
- 使用了高分辨率的气象强迫数据集 (TPMFD).
- 采用基于物理的冰层水文模型 (WEB-DHM-S).
- 进行了六次灵敏度实验,以分离不同因素对流水的影响.
主要成果:
- 从1981年到2020年,年流量呈现出轻微,微不足道的下降趋势 (-1.5毫米/年).
- 由于蒸发转化增加,变暖减少了37.5毫米的排水量;湿增加了10.5毫米的排水量.
- 冰川的退缩 (+61.7毫米) 和植被的绿化 (-9.2毫米) 产生了重大影响,这些影响的结合导致了大量的流水减少.
- 气候变化占排水变化的73.3%,而冰川和植被调节了剩余的26.7%.
结论:
- 气候变化 (气候变暖和湿) 是萨尔文河上游流域山流变化的主要驱动因素.
- 冰川和植被动态在调节流水反应方面发挥着至关重要的调节作用.
- 结果为水资源管理和山区可持续发展提供了关键的见解.
相关概念视频
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment
31
Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
31
Conservation of Mass in Moving, Nondeforming Control Volume
685
Stormwater detention basins are essential in managing runoff during heavy rainfall, particularly in urban areas where impervious surfaces increase the risk of flooding. Understanding the conservation of mass in these systems allows engineers to optimize basin performance, balancing inflow, outflow, and water storage.
In the context of a detention basin, the conservation of mass states that the total mass of water entering the basin must equal the mass leaving the basin plus any accumulation of...
In the context of a detention basin, the conservation of mass states that the total mass of water entering the basin must equal the mass leaving the basin plus any accumulation of...
685
Global Climate Change
24.0K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.0K
Underflow Gates
31
Underflow gates are vital for controlling water flow in irrigation canals. The three main types of underflow gates — vertical, radial, and drum gates — serve different purposes while ensuring effective flow management. Vertical gates move up and down, generating a free-flowing water jet; radial gates pivot to regulate the flow; and drum gates rotate for precise adjustments. The flow through these gates is influenced by downstream conditions, resulting in free or drowned outflow.Free and...
31
Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel
41
Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
41
The Water Cycle
23.9K
The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.
23.9K

