利用大型语言模型在非英语语言的非结构化基于文本的电子医疗记录中模拟领域专家标签
Izzet Turkalp Akbasli1,2, Ahmet Ziya Birbilen3, Ozlem Teksam4
1Division of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. iakbasli@hacettepe.edu.tr.
BMC medical informatics and decision making
|April 1, 2025
概括
精心调整的大型语言模型 (LLM) 准确地对有错误的电子健康记录 (EHR) 进行分类. 这种人工智能方法显著提高了医疗保健应用程序的数据标签效率.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 对于EHR分析的自然语言处理.
- 机器学习用于医学诊断.
背景情况:
- 电子健康记录 (EHR) 为改善医疗诊断和患者治疗结果提供了巨大的潜力.
- 处理非结构化EHR数据,特别是带有错误的数据,是人工智能应用的主要瓶.
- 针对特定领域的精细调整的大型语言模型 (LLM) 被调查用于分类杂的EHR文本.
研究的目的:
- 评估微调的LLM在对含有排版错误的非结构化EHR文本进行分类时的有效性.
- 在医疗保健环境中提高人工智能驱动的监督学习模型的效率和可靠性.
- 在临床笔记上评估LLM在命名实体识别任务中的表现.
主要方法:
- 从儿科急诊室入院 (2018-2023) 的土耳其临床笔记分析.
- 使用Python库进行数据预处理,并在呼吸道感染 (RTI) 领域特定微调之前和之后使用预训练的GPT-3模型进行分类.
- 模型预测与儿科专家确定的基准真相标签的比较.
主要成果:
- 一个精心调整的LLM在识别RTI病例方面实现了99.88%的准确性,比预先训练的模型的78.54%显著改善.
- 微调的模型在所有评估的方面都显示出卓越的性能指标.
- 在24229个标签不良的记录中,18879个经过过后被确认为RTI.
结论:
- 精心调整的LLM可以准确地分类非结构化EHR数据,接近专家性能水平.
- 这种方法大大减少了手动数据标签的时间和成本.
- 这种方法对简化人工智能大规模医疗数据处理具有前景.
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