术前认知优化和术后认知结果:叙述性审查
1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Clinical interventions in aging
|April 1, 2025
概括
手术前的认知训练可能会减少老年手术患者的术后妄想,但需要更多的研究. 研究显示,关于有效性的结果各不相同,强调需要最佳的培训方案.
科学领域:
- 老年医学 老年医学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 手术患者护理手术患者护理
背景情况:
- 经手术的神经认知障碍 (PND) 对美国每年接受手术的数百万老年人来说是一个重大问题.
- 对于PND的有效预防策略仍然难以捉摸.
- 目前正在探索手术前的认知干预措施,以缓解手术后的妄想.
研究的目的:
- 审查和解释现有的关于老年手术患者手术前认知优化的研究.
- 评估目前支持认知优化作为PND预防策略的证据.
- 识别有关老年手术群体和认知干预的知识差距.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed (1995-2024) 进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 关键词包括"老年手术患者"",认知优化"",术后妄想"和"预康复".
- 包括的研究是研究老年人认知功能的全文文章,包括临床试验,病例系列,队列研究和评论.
主要成果:
- 目前对术前认知优化对老年人术后认知功能的影响的证据有限.
- 一些研究表明,手术前的认知训练可以减少手术后的妄想.
- 然而,其他研究显示没有显著的影响,需要进一步调查培训参数.
结论:
- 术前认知训练预防PND的有效性需要进一步研究,特别是关于最佳剂量,持续时间和输送方法.
- 需要进行研究来评估这些干预措施在手术前的患者与先前存在的认知障碍或痴呆症.
- 进一步的研究对于为老年手术患者建立有效的认知优化策略至关重要.
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