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Updated: May 16, 2025

Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics
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使用最佳控制理论,在批量活体体质中实现设计的纹理和流量

Saptorshi Ghosh1, Aparna Baskaran1, Michael F Hagan1

  • 1Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA.

The Journal of chemical physics
|April 1, 2025
PubMed
概括

科学家们开发了一个最佳的控制理论来指导活性材料. 这个框架使用光生成的活动来引导复杂的系统达到所需的功能,克服混乱的动态.

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Conservation of Mass in Finite Cotrol Volume

The principle of conservation of mass is a fundamental law in fluid mechanics and is applied using the continuity equation. We apply the concept to a finite control volume to derive the continuity equation.
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Conservation of Mass in Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume01:07

Conservation of Mass in Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume

The principle of conservation of mass is fundamental in fluid dynamics and is crucial for analyzing flow within fixed control volumes, such as pipes or ducts. This principle states that the total mass within a control volume remains constant unless altered by the inflow or outflow of mass through the control surfaces. This results in a vital relationship for steady, incompressible flow where the mass entering a system equals the mass leaving it.
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Conservation of Mass in Moving, Nondeforming Control Volume

Stormwater detention basins are essential in managing runoff during heavy rainfall, particularly in urban areas where impervious surfaces increase the risk of flooding. Understanding the conservation of mass in these systems allows engineers to optimize basin performance, balancing inflow, outflow, and water storage.
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Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
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Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
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Laminar Flow: Problem Solving01:24

Laminar Flow: Problem Solving

Laminar flow occurs when a fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers with minimal mixing and turbulence. In fluid mechanics, ensuring laminar flow within a pipe is essential for precise control of flow characteristics, especially in engineering applications. The key factor in determining whether flow remains laminar is the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity that depends on the fluid's velocity, density, viscosity, and the pipe's diameter. A Reynolds number of 2100 or lower...
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