患者和社区层面的特征与呼吸道同胞细胞病毒疫苗接种相关
Diya Surie1, Katharine A Yuengling1, Basmah Safdar2
1Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.
JAMA network open
|April 1, 2025
概括
在住院的老年人中,呼吸道同胞性病毒 (RSV) 接种疫苗的比例较低,在老年,男性和医疗复杂的患者中,这一比例更高. 关于RSV疾病和疫苗资格的知识差距仍然存在,这凸显了需要改善外展的需要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 第一个呼吸道同胞性病毒 (RSV) 疫苗推给美国60岁及以上的成年人于2023年.
- 关于影响RSV疫苗接种的患者特征的数据有限,阻碍了有针对性的宣传工作.
研究的目的:
- 检查与RSV疫苗接种相关的患者和社区因素.
- 评估老年人对RSV疾病和疫苗接种的知识和态度.
主要方法:
- 一项横截面研究纳入了6746名60岁以上的成年人,他们在2023年10月至2024年4月期间接受了RSV阴性急性呼吸道疾病的住院治疗.
- 收集的数据包括社会人口统计学,临床因素以及关于RSV知识和态度的结构化访谈.
- 修改Poisson回归分析了与RSV疫苗接种的关联,控制聚类.
主要成果:
- 只有10.4%的符合条件的成年人接种了RSV疫苗.
- 接种疫苗与年龄较大 (≥75岁),男性性别,肺部疾病,免疫功能低下状态,更高的社会脆弱性指数和更高的教育程度有关.
- 在长期护理居民,医疗补助接收者和没有保险的人群中观察到较低的疫苗接种率.
- 近一半未接种疫苗的受访者不知道RSV,超过78%的人不确定是否有资格接种疫苗.
结论:
- 在住院的老年人中,对RSV疾病和疫苗资格的了解很低.
- 虽然某些临床因素与适当的优先级一致,但RSV疫苗接种存在社会人口学差异.
- 需要有针对性的教育活动和宣传,以解决知识差距并改善公平的疫苗接种.
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