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最大概率估计器对于对罕见蝙蝠物种的声学检测是无效的
Bradley H Hopp1, Donald I Solick1,2, John Chenger3
1Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, United States of America.
PloS one
|April 1, 2025
概括
危蝙蝠的自动声学监测需要仔细考虑音频文件数量. 无论是Kaleidoscope Pro还是SonoBat,都可能不准确地确定物种的存在,特别是蝙蝠呼叫的比例较低,因此在罕见物种调查中需要谨慎使用最大概率估计器 (MLE).
科学领域:
- 野生动物生态生态学
- 生物声学是一种生物声学.
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 声学监测对于在美国检测受威胁和危蝙蝠至关重要.
- 联邦指导方针要求自动化程序对蝙蝠回声定位呼叫进行分类,并计算物种存在的最大概率估计器 (MLE).
- 对于罕见物种检测的MLE的可靠性,特别是关于音频文件数量和物种比率的可靠性,仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 评估Kaleidoscope Pro (KPro) 和SonoBat所需的音频文件数量,以确定美国东北部九种蝙蝠的声学存在.
- 调查不同绝对数量和物种比例对MLE计算的影响.
- 用长期数据集评估总音频文件数量对罕见物种检测准确性的影响.
主要方法:
- 模拟了1,120个音频文件,其中包括控制的蝙蝠物种数量和比率.
- 开发了模型来估计KPro和SonoBat的文件需求,以触发显著的MLE.
- 将开发的模型应用于纽约德拉姆堡的长期声学数据集.
主要成果:
- 对于一些物种,KPro和SonoBat都需要类似的文件数量 (例如,Myotis septentrionalis,M. sodalis: 8-10个文件).
- 对于其他物种 (例如,Lasiurus cinereus,Perimyotis subflavus) 的文件要求在程序之间有所不同.
- 这两个程序在检测低比率 (<25%) 的物种方面表现不佳,总音频文件数量对罕见物种检测产生了重大影响.
结论:
- 音频文件的数量和物种比率可以影响自动蝙蝠声学监测的准确性.
- 在某些条件下,最大概率估计器 (MLE) 对稀有物种可能产生误导性的结果.
- 在解释罕见蝙蝠物种的MLE结果时,建议谨慎,特别是在有限的数据或低呼叫比率的情况下.
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