来自瘤的细胞外囊泡:通过疲劳劫持T细胞功能.
1Department of Oncology, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China.
Pathology, research and practice
|April 1, 2025
概括
瘤衍生的细胞外囊泡 (TEVs) 通过导致T细胞耗尽来抑制抗瘤免疫力. 了解TEV机制是克服免疫逃避和改善癌症治疗的关键.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 癌症生物学 癌症生物学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 在瘤微环境 (TME) 中调解细胞间通信.
- 来自瘤的EV (TEV) 携带着影响免疫细胞,特别是T细胞的分子载荷.
- T细胞功能障碍和疲劳是有效抗癌免疫的关键障碍.
研究的目的:
- 阐明TEVs在TME内的T细胞功能障碍中的作用.
- 为了确定TEV介导的机制,有助于免疫抑制和逃避.
- 探索TEVs对抗癌症免疫疗法的影响.
主要方法:
- 在TEV中分析分子载荷 (蛋白质,脂质,核酸).
- 研究TEVs对T细胞增殖,细胞因子产生和细胞毒性活性的影响.
- 检查TEV参与免疫检查点抑制剂和T细胞治疗耐药性的参与.
主要成果:
- TEVs携带免疫抑制分子,如TGF-β和特定的miRNA.
- 这些TEV货物诱导T细胞耗尽,特征是功能减弱.
- TEVs有助于免疫抑制的TME,促进瘤进展和免疫逃避.
- TEV与抵抗当前的癌症免疫疗法有关.
结论:
- TEVs是T细胞功能障碍和癌症疲劳的重要媒介.
- 针对TEV介导的免疫抑制提供了一个潜在的策略来增强抗瘤免疫力.
- 进一步了解TEV分子通路对于开发新型癌症疗法至关重要.
- 通过TEV调制来强化耗尽的T细胞可以改善治疗结果.
相关概念视频
Tumor Immunotherapy
432
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
432
The Tumor Microenvironment
6.5K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
6.5K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
798
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
798
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs
2.0K
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR...
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR...
2.0K
Metastasis
5.5K
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
5.5K
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
5.5K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
5.5K


