在长寿鸟类中丧失迁徙行为背后的机制
Pedro Andrade1,2, Aldina M A Franco3, Marta Acácio3,4
1CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
The Journal of animal ecology
|April 2, 2025
概括
白由于发育可塑性而不是遗传变化而丧失了迁徙行为. 随着年龄的增长,年轻鸟类越来越多地采用居留策略,推动人口层面的迁徙模式的转变.
科学领域:
- 生态学和进化生物学.
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 人类引起的环境变化正在改变全球鸟类迁徙模式.
- 了解迁徙物种的适应机制至关重要,但仍然不清楚.
- 伊比利亚白 (Ciconia ciconia) 显示出迅速失去迁徙行为,过渡到居住.
研究的目的:
- 调查驱动伊比利亚白流动行为丧失的机制.
- 确定表型灵活性或发育可塑性是否解释了转向居住的转变.
- 分析可能与适应环境变化有关的遗传因素.
主要方法:
- 结合了25年的人口普查数据和GPS跟踪,对213只白 (未成年人和成年人) 进行了跟踪.
- 使用GPS数据分析了长达7年的迁徙行为.
- 进行全基因组测序,以比较移民和居民.
主要成果:
- 在1995年至2020年期间,南欧非迁徙白的比例从18%增加到68-83%.
- 幼鸟 (第一年幼鸟) 主要迁移,但大多数在随后的几年转移到居住.
- 成年白在迁徙行为中表现出很高的一致性,表型灵活性或遗传选择的证据很少.
- 移民和居民的基因组基本上没有差异化,没有选择性扫描的迹象.
结论:
- 发育可塑性,即在成年后,在塑性发育窗口之后,迁徙行为被固定在成年期,这可能解释了观察到的人口变化.
- 移民与非移民年轻人的代际转变推动了人口层面的移民行为变化.
- 这种机制使得长寿的候鸟能够适应人类带来的快速环境变化.
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