双重功能材料使人类太空飞行成为可能:捕获二氧化碳并将其转化为载人任务上的生命支持
Jonathan D Wells1, Grace A Belancik2
1KBR, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States.
Chem & bio engineering
|April 2, 2025
概括
双重功能材料 (DFM) 有效地捕获并将二氧化碳 (CO2) 转化为水. 这种回收过程对于长时间的太空飞行至关重要,其性能优于当前带有湿气的系统.
科学领域:
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 化学工程是化学工程的重要组成部分.
- 航空航天工程 航空航天工程
背景情况:
- 在航天器客中积累的二氧化碳 (CO2) 对宇航员健康构成重大风险.
- 直接捕获二氧化碳的空气对于减轻地球气候变化至关重要.
- 目前的二氧化碳去除系统需要干燥的空气,增加复杂性和资源需求.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究双重功能材料 (DFM) 的有效性,以捕获和转化来自模拟航天器机空气的二氧化碳.
- 在与载人航天相关的现实,潮湿条件下评估DFM性能.
- 评估DFM作为二氧化碳的潜在回收解决方案,产生水.
主要方法:
- 使用模拟宇航员客空气 (1500-3000 ppm CO2) 的气体混合物测试了DFM的二氧化碳捕获和转化能力.
- 用干燥和潮湿的空气入口进行了实验,以评估湿度的影响.
- 在不同的条件下测量了二氧化碳容量和吸收率.
主要成果:
- 与干燥空气相比,DFM显示二氧化碳容量增加了近四倍,吸收率增加了十倍.
- 发现DFM的湿CO2捕获能力与国际空间站 (ISS) 上使用的当前最先进的吸附剂相当.
- 与ISS系统不同,DFM在存在湿度的情况下保持高性能,不需要预干燥.
结论:
- 太空二氧化碳转化器 (DFM) 为太空飞船中二氧化碳的去除和回收提供了一个有希望的,综合的解决方案,将二氧化碳转化为水.
- 带有潮湿空气的DFM的优越性能比现有技术具有显著的优势,简化了系统设计.
- 这项技术有可能大幅减少质量,尺寸,功耗和复杂性,从而使更长的载人航天任务成为可能.
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