量化基于专利的知识产权的人类死亡成本:由于专利而导致的过早死亡人数有多少?
1Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Ivey School of Business, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. joshua.pearce@uwo.ca.
概括
专利知识产权 (IP) 可能会导致美国每年超过94,000人过早死亡,因为它限制了像胰岛素这样的药物的获取. 这凸显了当前在医疗保健中的知识产权系统对人类的巨大代价.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 知识产权法 知识产权法
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 基于专利的知识产权 (IP) 越来越多地被批评为阻碍创新和与现代创新周期不一致.
- 虽然支持者认为知识产权断对于资助医疗技术至关重要,但为政策指导提出了人类死亡率等替代指标.
- 量化人力成本,包括因知识产权系统而丧生的生命,为评估专利政策提供了一种新方法.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个理论框架来量化与基于专利的知识产权系统相关的人类死亡成本.
- 调查专利对医疗技术领域创新和可访问性的影响.
- 为有关专利在医疗保健中的作用的政策讨论提供证据.
主要方法:
- 开发了一种理论方法来量化与专利系统相关的人类死亡成本.
- 一个案例研究侧重于胰岛素,一个百年历史的创新,以说明专利诱导的过早死亡的机制.
- 美国和加拿大的糖尿病死亡率的比较分析被用来估计不同的药物成本方法的影响.
主要成果:
- 发现与胰岛素相关的专利在美国 (截至2021) 每年导致超过94,000例过早死亡.
- 该研究表明,在当前的断性知识产权体系下,价格上,药物可用性降低和人类死亡率之间存在相关性.
- 显著的人类死亡成本与医疗专利强加的经济结构直接相关.
结论:
- 目前的断性知识产权制度通过影响药物可获得性和成本,导致大量的过早死亡.
- 调查结果质疑专利断对医疗创新融资的必要性,并建议重新评估医疗保健领域的专利政策.
- 决策者和专利倡导者必须解决与医疗领域现有的知识产权框架相关的已证明的人类死亡成本.
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