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大规模和区域的人口统计反应在欧洲的气候变化在最后的古石器时期
Isabell Schmidt1, Birgit Gehlen1, Katja Winkler2
1Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
PloS one
|April 2, 2025
概括
欧洲的最后古石器时代种群向北移动,在寒冷的格陵兰斯坦迪亚尔1 (GS-1) 期间显著下降. 人口估计显示,总人口减少了一半,一些地区由于向东迁移而增加了人口密度.
科学领域:
- 考古学的考古学
- 古代人口统计学 古代人口统计学
- 欧洲史前史 欧洲史前史
背景情况:
- 欧洲的最后古石器时期 (公元前14 - 11.6年) 是一个社会转型的时期.
- 了解区域人口动态和古老人口统计过程仍然是一个挑战.
研究的目的:
- 为南欧,西欧,北欧和中欧提供区域差异化的人口估计数据,用于格陵兰地段间1d-a (GI-1d-a) 和格陵兰地段1 (GS-1) 期间.
- 分析应对气候波动的人口转移和密度变化.
主要方法:
- "科隆议定书"的应用,一种地理统计方法,用于最后古石器时期遗址的新数据集.
- 对欧洲不同地区的人口估计的时空空间分析.
主要成果:
- 自现代人类分散到欧洲以来,阿尔卑斯山以北地区首次成为主要的人口增长地区.
- 观察到不同的区域趋势,包括法国中部和德国以前被占领的地区的下降.
- 据估计,GS-1的冷却与研究区域大部分地区的人口显著下降相关,总人口减少了50%.
结论:
- 最后古石器时期发生了重大的人口变化,阿尔卑斯山以北的人口显著增加.
- 在GS-1期间的气候降温导致了广泛的人口下降,与早期的Gravettian崩形成鲜明对比.
- 中欧部分地区人口密度增加表明,由于气候条件恶化,特别是西部地区,人们向东迁移,以应对气候条件恶化.
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