经典迷幻药的零星使用和神经心理学表现:一个横截面分析
Simon Reiche1, Tim Hirschfeld1, Anna Lena Gröticke1
1Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
概括
偶尔使用迷幻药物并没有损害认知. 相反,终身使用迷幻药与增强的执行功能,特别是认知灵活性有关. 这表明对认知表现的潜在好处.
科学领域:
- 神经心理学 神经心理学
- 心理药理学 心理药理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 关于经典迷幻药物 (psilocybin,LSD,ayahuasca) 的神经心理影响,存在相互矛盾的证据.
- 人们对零星,自然主义的迷幻药物使用如何影响认知功能知之甚少.
- 对治疗潜力和非医疗用途日益增长的兴趣,需要进一步研究迷幻药对认知的影响.
研究的目的:
- 探索轻度至中度终身迷幻药使用的神经心理后果.
- 调查幻化物使用与认知领域之间的关联,包括执行功能,记忆,注意力和视觉空间能力.
- 为了比较迷幻药使用者和非使用者之间的认知表现.
主要方法:
- 横截面,探索性研究设计.
- 综合的神经心理测试电池用于评估认知功能.
- 将84名迷幻药使用者与52名不使用者进行比较;进行了剂量反应分析.
主要成果:
- 总体认知表现在迷幻药使用者和对照者之间是相当的.
- 迷幻药使用者在执行职能方面表现出适度的优势,特别是在威斯康星州卡片排序测试 (WCST) 中.
- 在终身迷幻药物使用和WCST绩效指标之间观察到积极的剂量反应关系.
结论:
- 在偶尔使用迷幻药和认知功能之间没有发现负面关联.
- 研究人员发现,精神类药物使用与增强的执行功能,特别是认知灵活性之间存在温和的关联.
- 剂量反应分析支持终身迷幻药物使用与执行功能之间的积极关系.
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