自愿辅助死亡,安乐死和医生辅助自杀:全球视角-系统性审查
Graham Llewellyn Grove1,2, Melanie R Lovell3,4, Ian Hughes5
1Specialist Palliative Care, Gold Coast Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia graham.grove@health.qld.gov.au.
BMJ supportive & palliative care
|April 2, 2025
概括
公众和临床医生对安乐死和医生协助自杀 (EAS) 的支持有很大的不同. 疼痛,绝症和人口统计等因素影响了这些观点,突出显示了EAS信仰的复杂性.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 卫生社会学 卫生社会学
背景情况:
- 安乐死和医生协助自杀 (EAS) 涉及各种利益相关者,包括患者,医疗保健专业人员和公众.
- 了解对EAS的不同观点对于有根据的讨论和政策制定至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析关于安乐死和医生协助自杀 (EAS) 的态度的定量数据.
- 检查人口和情境因素如何影响公众,患者和临床医生对EAS的支持.
主要方法:
- 进行了2023年7月之前发表的关于EAS观点的定量数据的研究的系统文献审查.
- 提取了不同条件下的研究年,地理,人口统计和EAS支持水平的数据.
- 进行了元分析,以评估疼痛和绝症对安乐死支持的影响.
主要成果:
- 分析了521项研究,共计有超过190万份答案,发现EAS支持的差异很大.
- 临床医生 (25%) 对EAS的平均支持率低于公众 (55%).
- 支持增加了疼痛 (54%) 或绝症 (53%),并因宗教,性别,年龄和种族等人口统计学因素而异.
结论:
- 对安乐死和医生协助自杀 (EAS) 的支持并不统一,受到人口和情境因素的复杂相互作用的影响.
- 认识到这些影响因素对于医疗保健提供者和社区之间的富有成效的对话至关重要.
- 对EAS态度的知情理解对于政策辩论和决策过程至关重要.
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