早期成熟玉米杂交试验中的重复性和遗传进步,这些试验在菌感染和非感染条件下进行
Adamu Masari Abubakar1,2, Idris Ishola Adejumobi1, Kayode Rapheal Fowobaje1
1International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
PloS one
|April 3, 2025
概括
撒哈拉以南非洲的玉米育种显示了谷物产量的显著遗传收益,改善了Striga hermonthica的耐药性. 这些进展增强了粮食安全和减贫工作.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 植物育种 植物育种
- 农业学是一种农业学.
背景情况:
- 玉米 (Zea mays L.) 是撒哈拉以南非洲 (SSA) 的重要主食和货币作物.
- 斯特里加 (Striga hermonthica) 虫害严重限制了南非地区的玉米生产和生产率.
- 开发高产,耐菌的玉米杂交品种对于粮食安全至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定玉米杂交品种的谷物产量和Striga适应性特征的遗传增强.
- 评估国际试验的可重复性,以识别在菌感染和非感染条件下的有希望的杂交物种.
- 在12年的时间内评估育种策略的有效性.
主要方法:
- 在12年间 (2010-2021年) 进行的21项国际试验中对159种玉米杂交品种的评估.
- 在尼日利亚,在感染菌 (STRINF) 和非感染菌 (STRNON) 的条件下进行的试验.
- 对谷物产量的遗传收益,虫损害等级和虫植物数量的分析.
主要成果:
- 在谷物产量方面,每年有3.40% (STRINF) 和3.71% (STRNON) 的显著遗传收益被记录下来.
- 产量的遗传增长与减少虫损伤和出现的虫植物减少有关.
- 每种植物的耳朵和开花日期显示出高的重复性,而Striga的出现数量则具有低的重复性.
结论:
- 育种策略是有效的,导致玉米杂交发展取得了实质性的进展.
- 试验表明,在施特里加压力下识别有希望的早期成熟杂交物具有良好的可重复性.
- 开发的杂交品具有商业化潜力,有助于粮食安全和减贫.
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