一种基于特征选择和改进的随机森林模型整合的种群空间化方法
Zhen Zhao1, Hongmei Guo1, Xueli Jiang2
1The Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
PloS one
|April 3, 2025
概括
这项研究引入了一种改进的随机森林模型,用于准确的人口空间化,优于现有方法. 改进的模型通过提供更精确的人口分布数据来改善城市规划和资源分配.
科学领域:
- 地理信息科学 地理信息科学
- 空间分析 空间分析
- 机器学习应用 机器学习应用
背景情况:
- 精确的人口空间分布对于城市规划,资源分配和应急响应至关重要.
- 传统的随机森林 (RF) 模型与不平衡的人口数据作斗争,限制了预测准确性.
- 现有的空间化方法需要改进,以处理复杂的人口分布特征.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个改进的人口空间化模型,整合特征选择和精细的随机森林算法.
- 提高城市规划和资源管理的人口分布绘图的准确性和可靠性.
- 解决标准随机森林模型在处理不平衡的空间人口数据方面的局限性.
主要方法:
- 采用递归特征消除,使用交叉验证 (RFECV),最大信息系数 (MIC) 和平均下降精度 (MDA) 进行特征选择.
- 使用选定的特征子集构建随机森林模型 (MIC-RF,RFECV-RF,MDA-RF).
- 集成的K-means++集群和随机森林的启动抽样,以创建一个不平衡数据集的改进模型.
- 为南四川经济区生成500米分辨率的空间人口分布数据集.
主要成果:
- 与使用所有因素相比,特征选择方法显著提高了模型准确性,MDA-RF实现了最低的MAPE (0.174) 和最高的R2 (0.913).
- 改进的随机森林模型,使用K-means++集群和MDA选择子集的引导抽样,进一步提高了预测准确度,比MDA-RF.
- 与WorldPop数据集相比,拟议的方法显示出更高的准确性,平均相对误差 (MRE) 和根平均平方误差 (RMSE) 显著较低.
结论:
- 特征选择,特别是使用MDA方法,在优化人口空间化模型的输入数据方面是有效的.
- 整合K-means++集群和引导采样与随机森林的集成有效地解决了数据失衡,提高了预测准确度.
- 拟议的人口空间化模型为绘制人口分布提供了更准确,更可靠的方法,有利于城市规划和应急管理.
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