成年人心血管疾病的全球负担:映射审查
The Journal of cardiovascular nursing
|April 3, 2025
概括
心血管疾病 (CVD) 是一个日益严重的全球健康挑战. 他们的负担和风险因素因地区而异,需要量身定制的预防和管理策略.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
背景情况:
- 心血管疾病 (CVD) 是全球死亡的主要原因,心脏病发作和中风是主要原因.
- 尽管人们意识到这一点,但心血管疾病的发病率和影响在全球范围内仍在不断上升.
- 了解区域负担和风险因素对于有效的公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定心血管疾病 (CVD) 的全球负担及其与之相关的成人风险因素.
- 分析这些负担和风险因素在世界卫生组织 (WHO) 定义的不同地理区域.
主要方法:
- 采用了一种全面的映射审查方法.
- 在多个数据库中进行了广泛的文献搜索,包括PubMed,Scopus,世卫组织全球健康观测站和谷歌学者.
- 关键词包括心血管疾病,负担,发病率,流行率,预防和危险因素.
主要成果:
- 缺血性心脏病在美洲,欧洲和东地中海地区普遍存在,而中风在非洲,东南亚和西太平洋地区普遍存在.
- 较低社会经济地位的人群经历了较高的心血管疾病过早死亡率.
- 已确定的可预防的风险因素包括高血压,脂质不良,糖尿病,空气污染,肥胖,吸烟,身体不活动和饮食不良;新出现的因素包括睡眠障碍,抑郁症,社会隔离,污染和重金属暴露.
结论:
- 心血管疾病的患病率和风险因素表现出显著的地理和人口差异.
- 有效的CVD管理需要多方面的策略,包括特定区域的方法,解决社会经济差异,终身风险管理,增强医疗保健能力和提高公共卫生素养.
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