细胞变形由随机的actomyosin波产生的驱动器在体内随机步行游泳迁移
Cyril Andrieu1, Bren Hunyi Lee1, Anna Franz1
1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Journal of cell science
|April 4, 2025
概括
果虫脂肪体细胞 (FBCs) 使用随机的actomyosin波来进行游泳迁移,这是巡逻幼所必需的随机步行过程. 这种机制涉及Rho1,Cdc42和Rac1,使得细胞在体内快速,远程分散.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 生物物理学的生物物理.
背景情况:
- 氨基酸细胞迁移对发育和疾病至关重要,在体外观察到游泳迁移.
- 游泳美虫迁移的体内机制在很大程度上是未知的.
- 在体内了解细胞迁移对于免疫学和瘤学等领域至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用Drosophila脂肪体细胞 (FBCs) 阐明体内游泳迁移的机制.
- 为了确定驱动这种独特迁移模式的分子调节器和细胞力量.
- 为了研究actomyosin动力学在FBC运动中的作用.
主要方法:
- 利用多索菲拉脂肪体细胞 (FBCs) 作为体内迁移研究的模型系统.
- 研究了Rho1,Cdc42和Rac1在调节活性蛋白聚合中的作用.
- 分析了actomyosin波,细胞变形,以及它们在迁移期间的随机行为.
主要成果:
- FBCs表现出随机行走的游泳迁移,由向后移动的actomyosin波提供动力.
- 在FBC迁移中,Rho1,Cdc42和Rac1对于调节胺驱动的活性蛋白聚合是必不可少的.
- 随机性actomyosin波诱导细胞变形,驱动非互动的运动.
- 细胞后部的收缩性动因波,由Rho1和Rho激酶调节,诱导肌酶II活性.
结论:
- 在生物体中,游泳迁移是由静态的动氨酸波驱动的,使随机步行运动成为可能.
- 由这些波引起的非互惠的细胞变形是FBC运动的关键.
- 这种个人主义的迁徙行为促进了子内部的集体巡逻和远程细胞分散.
相关概念视频
01:13Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility
5.1K
Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate....
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate....
5.1K
01:31Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation
2.5K
Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
2.5K
01:18Role of Myosin in Cell Migration
2.2K
Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction....
Myosin II is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction....
2.2K
01:16Cell Motility through Blebbing
1.9K
Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
1.9K
01:09Cell Migration
16.9K
Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
16.9K
01:32Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration
4.7K
A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
4.7K