医疗保健中的人工智能:关键临床研究和道德思维的集结呼声
1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
概括
人工智能 (AI) 和生成性AI (GenAI) 正在改变医疗保健,但需要独立的研究来确保安全有效的临床应用. 基于证据的验证对于人工智能工具至关重要,特别是对于脆弱的患者群体和道德的患者-提供者互动.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 生成型的人工智能 (GenAI)
背景情况:
- 人工智能将对包括医疗保健在内的各种就业领域产生重大影响,由于潜在的算法偏差和低于最佳的患者治疗,需要仔细实施.
- 虽然医疗保健中的人工智能研究历来专注于诊断放射学和数字病理学,但辐射瘤学的新兴应用需要比效率更高的临床实用性的证据.
- 生成性人工智能 (GenAI) 的快速发展,特别是像GPT-4这样的大型语言模型 (LLM),在医疗应用中带来了新的可能性和挑战.
研究的目的:
- 倡导独立的学术研究,以建立基于证据的AI在医学中的应用.
- 突出了解医疗保健中人工智能工具的优势和局限性的关键需求.
- 解决围绕GenAI在患者护理和医疗保健提供者关系中整合的伦理考虑.
主要方法:
- 审查当前在医疗保健中的AI应用,重点是辐射瘤学.
- 讨论GenAI和LLMs对医疗实践的潜在影响.
- 分析挑战,包括算法偏见,数据表示,脱训和道德界限.
主要成果:
- 医疗保健中现有的AI应用往往缺乏临床实用性的强有力的证据.
- 包括LLM在内的GenAI提供个性化和上下文相关的输出,但需要严格的验证.
- 人工智能有可能加剧代表性不足的少数群体和罕见病例的健康差异.
结论:
- 独立的,基于证据的研究对于AI在医学中的安全和有效实施至关重要,将AI视为医学干预.
- 医疗保健专业人员需要大量的教育努力来理解和批判性地评估人工智能工具.
- 必须制定伦理准则来规范GenAI在患者护理中的使用,特别是关于患者与医疗服务提供者的关系.
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