儿童和青少年上肢和下肢肌肉强度的性别差异:一个元分析
James L Nuzzo1, Matheus D Pinto2
1The Nuzzo Letter, The Nuzzo Academy, West Leederville, Australia.
European journal of sport science
|April 5, 2025
概括
男孩比女孩更强壮,这种肌肉力量的性别差异随着男性的青春期显著增加. 在整个发育过程中,与下肢肌肉相比,上肢肌肉的差异更为明显.
科学领域:
- 儿科运动科学 儿科运动科学
- 人类运动科学科学 人类运动科学
- 运动医学 运动医学
背景情况:
- 成年男性比成年女性表现出更大的身体力量,上肢肌肉的性别差异更大.
- 现有的关于儿童和青少年肌肉力量性别差异的研究是有限的.
- 了解基于性别的力量差异的发育轨迹对于体育科学和儿科等领域至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 进行一项元分析,调查儿童和青少年肌肉力量的性别差异.
- 为了确定这些性别差异是否在上肢和下肢肌肉之间存在差异.
- 分析这些差异在不同发育阶段如何演变.
主要方法:
- 综合了来自34项研究的数据,涉及6,634名参与者 (3,497名男孩,3,137名女孩),年龄为17岁或以下.
- 参与者被分为三个年龄组:5-10,11-13岁和14-17岁.
- 分析了上肢和下肢肌肉的最大同度或同动力强度测试,计算了性别差异的效果大小.
主要成果:
- 在所有年龄组中观察到显著的力量性别差异,青男孩.
- 上肢和下肢强度的性别差异大小随着年龄的增长而增加,特别是在青春期.
- 上肢强度差异始终大于下肢强度差异,特别是在较老的年龄组 (14-17岁).
结论:
- 男孩通常比女孩更强壮,这种差异甚至在青春期之前就很明显.
- 男性的青春期显著放大了基于性别的力量差异.
- 在男孩中,较大的相对强度优势在上肢肌肉中比下肢肌肉在整个童年和青春期更明显.
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