基于酸的双网水凝:构造,特征和凝动力学
Shaohua Ma1, Mahmoud Youssef2, Amgad Albahi3
1College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
International journal of biological macromolecules
|April 5, 2025
概括
这项研究引入了新型脱乙基化糖甘 (DKGM) 和藻酸盐 (CA) 双网络水凝. 这些DKGM/CA水凝具有显著增强的机械性能,为材料应用提供了有前途的解决方案.
科学领域:
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 生物材料工程 生物材料工程
- 聚合物化学 聚合物化学
背景情况:
- 脱乙基化康雅克葡萄甘 (DKGM) 水凝具有理想的特性,但其凝强度和机械特性较差,限制了其商业可行性.
- 开发强大的水凝材料对于各种应用至关重要,需要提高机械性能的策略.
研究的目的:
- 构建和表征新的脱乙基化康雅克葡萄康曼南和藻酸盐双网水凝 (DKGM/CA DNs).
- 研究双网络结构对基于DKGM的水凝的微观结构,凝特性和凝动力学的影响.
- 提供一种高效,绿色的方法来提高DKGM水凝的机械性能.
主要方法:
- 为了合成DKGM/CA DNs,采用了一种两步顺序的网络形成技术.
- 微观结构,凝特性 (强度,硬度,性) 和凝动力学被多维分析.
- 研究了藻酸盐 (SA) 和DKGM对凝和交联率的影响.
主要成果:
- 在DKGM水凝中引入藻酸盐 (CA) 网络,导致孔隙结构更加密集,减少了水的自由度.
- 与纯DKGM水凝相比,DKGM/CA DNs的凝强度,硬度和性增加了10-25倍.
- 藻酸盐 (SA) 加快了DKGM凝,减少了溶液到凝的时间,而DKGM则减缓了CA交叉连接率.
结论:
- 开发的DKGM/CA DNs在提高DKGM水凝的机械强度方面取得了重大进展.
- 双网络战略提供了一种绿色和有效的方法,以提高水凝性能,以实现潜在的商业应用.
- 了解这两个网络之间的相互作用为设计先进的水凝材料提供了洞察力.
相关概念视频
01:07Cohesion
Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
On a surface,...
On a surface,...
03:13Intermolecular Forces
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
02:30Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base
The reaction between a Brønsted-Lowry acid and water is called acid ionization. For example, when hydrogen fluoride dissolves in water and ionizes, protons are transferred from hydrogen fluoride molecules to water molecules, yielding hydronium ions and fluoride ions:
03:05Acid Strength and Molecular Structure
Binary Acids and Bases
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...
02:45Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes
Alkenes react with water in the presence of an acid to form an alcohol. In the absence of acid, hydration of alkenes does not occur at a significant rate, and the acid is not consumed in the reaction. Therefore, alkene hydration is an acid-catalyzed reaction.
01:20Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation
An oxygen-based nucleophile, like water, can undergo addition reactions with aldehydes and ketones. The reaction leads to the formation of hydrates, also referred to as 1,1-diols or geminal diols.
The formation of hydrates is a reversible reaction. Hydrate formation is influenced by steric and electronic factors accompanying the alkyl substituents on the carbonyl group: The rate of hydrate formation increases with a decrease in the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon. Hence,...
The formation of hydrates is a reversible reaction. Hydrate formation is influenced by steric and electronic factors accompanying the alkyl substituents on the carbonyl group: The rate of hydrate formation increases with a decrease in the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon. Hence,...