相对年龄作为精神病诊断的风险因素在早产和到期的孩子:一个队列研究
Christine Strand Bachmann1,2, Kari Risnes2,3, Johan Håkon Bjørngaard4,5
1Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway christine.s.bachmann@gmail.com.
BMJ paediatrics open
|April 5, 2025
概括
年后出生的孩子,尤其是早产女孩,面临更高的精神病诊断风险. 这种相对年龄的影响凸显了对支持性学校和社会结构的需求.
科学领域:
- 儿童和青少年精神病学
- 发育儿科 发育儿科
- 公共卫生研究 公共卫生研究
背景情况:
- 相对年龄效应,即日历年晚些时候出生的孩子比同学年轻,与发展和学术差异有关.
- 早产是众所周知的各种健康问题的风险因素,包括神经发育和精神疾病.
研究的目的:
- 调查相对年龄对儿童和青少年精神病诊断的影响.
- 考虑性别差异,比较早产和满产个体之间的这些影响.
主要方法:
- 挪威的一项大型基于登记册的队列研究 (1991-2012年出生) 追踪了4至18岁的个体.
- 相对年龄按出生月份分类,妊娠年龄分为早产或终产.
- 来自专家医疗保健联系人的精神病诊断被使用概括估计方程逻辑回归来分析.
主要成果:
- 对精神病诊断的相对年龄影响在两个性别的早产和早产儿中都被观察到.
- 对于任何精神病诊断,相对较年轻的早产女孩 (出生于10月至12月) 与年龄较大的早产女孩 (出生于1月至3月) 年龄在4至10岁之间 (OR 1.43) 发现了最强的关联.
结论:
- 相对年龄对早产和早产儿的精神病诊断的医疗保健利用有重大影响.
- 调查结果强调,过早出生带来的不利因素与相对年龄相加,需要在教育和社会系统中提供量身定制的支持.
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