在早期生活中缺乏固体饮食的肠微生物群的适应性生存策略会导致表皮线粒体功能障碍
Shiqiang Yu1,2, Yuting Fu1,2, Jinrui Qu1,2
1Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
The ISME journal
|April 6, 2025
概括
患有极度营养缺乏症的新生儿羔羊开发了简化的小肠微生物网络. 微生物通过利用氨来优先生存,这损害了宿主能量代谢和线粒体功能.
科学领域:
- 流体微生物学 流体微生物学
- 主体-微生物相互作用
- 代谢适应 代谢适应
背景情况:
- 胃肠道微生物群和宿主新陈代谢对极端营养基质缺乏的适应性反应尚不清楚.
- 体功能对于反动物的健康和生产力至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在新生儿羔羊的极端营养基质缺乏下,研究肠微生物群和宿主代谢的适应策略.
- 为了阐明饮食缺乏对肠微生物群落结构和功能的影响.
主要方法:
- 在没有固体饮食引入的情况下,在新生儿羔羊中建立起肠微生物基质缺乏模型.
- 细菌社区结构的分析 (辛普森指数,微生物丰富度).
- 测量尿素,氨- (NH3-N),挥发性脂肪酸和与代谢和宿主细胞循环相关的基因表达.
主要成果:
- 观察到一种简化的小肠微生物网络,其中关键细菌 (Prevotella,Selenomonas,Megasphaera,Succiniclasticum) 的丰富性减少.
- 微生物增强了尿素和NH3-N生产以利用和生存,丰富了特定的古生物和产生的微生物.
- 主体新陈代谢受到负面影响,皮上皮细胞循环蛋白降低调节,线粒体形态异常,因挥发性脂肪酸缺乏而减少ATP生产.
结论:
- 体微生物群在早期缺乏固体饮食的情况下表现出适应性生存策略,优先考虑内部循环.
- 这些微生物适应会影响宿主能量代谢和线粒体功能.
- 这些发现突出了饮食在生命早期发育和宿主微生物共生中的关键作用.
相关概念视频
01:23Anatomy of the Intestines
65.2K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
65.2K
00:55Microvilli
11.3K
Microvilli are tiny finger-like projections found on the surface of certain cells. Their purpose is to increase the surface area of the cell's apical surface, resulting in more effective absorption or secretion of substances.
These microvilli are predominantly present in cells lining the small intestine, kidney tubules, and certain cells in the respiratory and reproductive systems. By significantly expanding the surface area of the cell membrane, microvilli enhance the cell's capacity...
These microvilli are predominantly present in cells lining the small intestine, kidney tubules, and certain cells in the respiratory and reproductive systems. By significantly expanding the surface area of the cell membrane, microvilli enhance the cell's capacity...
11.3K
01:30Vitamins
2.7K
Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
2.7K
01:30Development of Human Microbiota
61
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
61
01:28Development of the Oral Microbiota
65
The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
65
01:27Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine
77
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
77