发展中国家的标准黑烟数据作为"元素碳"的 (第一个) 代理
Harry Ten Brink1, Gerard Hoek2, Regina Hitzenberger3
1Energy-research Centre of the Netherlands ECN, part of TNO, 1755 ZG Petten, the Netherlands.
The Science of the total environment
|April 6, 2025
概括
黑烟 (BS) 测量是当直接EC监测不可用时,对元素碳 (EC) 的成本有效替代品. 然而,ISO-9835协议存在缺陷;建议使用欧盟手册来确定BS并转换为EC以准确监测空气质量.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 分析化学 分析化学
- 空气质量监测 空气质量监测
背景情况:
- 黑烟 (BS) 在几个国家被广泛用于颗粒物 (PM) 监测,因为它很容易从过纸的黑色中确定.
- 虽然总颗粒物的指标很差,但BS可以作为吸光元素碳 (EC) 的合理代理,特别是来自柴油排放的元素碳.
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 建议EC监测,但缺乏规定的测量方法,使得廉价的BS方法成为直接EC分析成本昂贵或无法获得的可行选择.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地评估ISO-9835黑烟 (BS) 测量协议及其适用于确定元素碳 (EC) 的适用性.
- 提出一种可靠的替代方法来确定BS,并将其转换为EC度,与当前的空气质量监测建议保持一致.
- 为仍在使用BS测量的国家提供指导,确保数据与已建立的EC监测协议的可比性.
主要方法:
- 分析ISO-9835协议,确定其无维黑烟指数 (BSI) 与法律要求的质量度 (μg m−3) 之间的差异.
- 在ISO-9835标准中,评估缺乏从光吸收到BSI的定义转换因子.
- 欧盟手册 (Christolis等人,1992) 的建议和描述,用于使用EEL 43烟污反射仪在Whatman-1过器上测定BS.
主要成果:
- ISO-9835 协议包含了一些关键问题,包括没有正确的 BS 定义和将光学反射率转换为 BSI 的参考.
- 欧盟手册提供了一种标准化的BS测量方法,可以将光吸收转换为质量度.
- 一个临时的转换系数 (0.15 ± 25%) 从BS到EC,由十 Brink等人建立. (2021年),允许数据与EUSAAR2-TOT协议 (EN 16909:2017) 保持一致.
结论:
- 关于BS和EC的当前空气质量监测标准,ISO-9835协议是不够的.
- 建议在这种方法仍在使用的国家采用欧盟手册来确定BS.
- 使用0.15 ± 25%的系数将BS暂时转换为EC,为EC监测提供了一个成本效益高的临时解决方案,直到确定本地等价性.
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