时间和内存成本共同决定了速度-准确性权衡和设置大小效应
Shuze Liu1, Lucy Lai1, Samuel J Gershman2
1Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University.
Journal of experimental psychology. General
|April 7, 2025
概括
人类决策涉及速度和准确性之间的权衡,受政策复杂性的影响. 更复杂的政策导致准确但更慢的行动,而更简单的政策更快但更不准确.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 计算神经科学是一种神经科学.
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
背景情况:
- 将状态映射到行动的政策需要记忆,复杂性取决于状态和行动之间的相互信息.
- 高复杂性政策保留状态信息以获得更大的回报,但会产生解码时间成本,从而产生速度精度的权衡.
- 低复杂性政策抛弃国家信息,利用规律性来实现更快,更不准确的行动.
研究的目的:
- 研究政策复杂性,记忆成本,决策速度和准确性之间的关系.
- 测试这一理论,即政策复杂性是速度-准确性权衡和人类行为中设置尺寸效应的基础.
- 检查人类如何调节政策复杂性,以应对时间和记忆的限制.
主要方法:
- 进行了三项实验,操纵试验间隔,环境规律和状态集大小.
- 分析了参与者的回答,以评估政策的复杂性,解码速度和准确性.
- 行为数据被用来建模政策复杂性和认知成本之间的相互作用.
主要成果:
- 在调整政策复杂性时,人类对时间和记忆成本都表现出敏感性.
- 响应时间随着州集大小的增加而增加,与更高的政策复杂性相一致.
- 研究结果支持这样一个假设:政策的复杂性会影响观察到的速度与准确性的权衡.
结论:
- 政策复杂性是影响决策速度和准确性的关键因素.
- 由政策复杂性所造成的限制可能解释了常见的速度-准确性权衡和设定尺寸效应.
- 了解政策复杂性可以让我们深入了解适应性行为背后的认知机制.
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