整个大脑白质的变化跨儿童时期的环境
Sofia Carozza1,2, Isaiah Kletenik1,2, Duncan Astle3,4
1Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
概括
早期的生活逆境影响大脑白质的发育,影响青少年的数学和语言等认知技能. 白质完整性在环境压力如何影响以后的认知功能方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 整个童年,白质的发展是经验依赖的.
- 白质在将早期环境与以后的认知联系起来的作用仍未得到充分研究,重点是灰质.
- 了解白质对认知结果的贡献对于发展理论至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究青少年在不同环境中的白质差异.
- 评估白质变异的程度及其对认知结果的贡献.
- 探索白质完整性在逆境与认知之间的关系中的调解作用.
主要方法:
- 利用了青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究的数据 (N = 9,082).
- 检查了环境暴露与白质分数异构 (FA) 和简化计数之间的横截面关联.
- 评估了白质FA与认知结果之间的关系,包括心理算术和感受性语言.
主要成果:
- 在9岁和10岁的孩子中发现了各种逆境 (产前,人际,经济,社区) 和下白质FA和精简计数之间的广泛联系.
- 下白质FA与以后的精神算术和接受性语言困难有关.
- 白物质FA部分调解了早期逆境对青少年认知的负面影响.
结论:
- 白质完整性与认知结果有关,并受到早期生活逆境的影响.
- 白质在调解逆境对认知的影响中的作用支持了强调区域间连接的理论.
- 这些发现突出了一个基于白质的机制,用于逆境的神经和认知效应,在灰质成熟之前.
更多相关视频
09:01A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
Published on: May 7, 2014
10.1K
15:263D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in Humans and Mouse
Published on: May 19, 2015
14.0K
相关概念视频
01:30Biological Influences on Intelligence
52
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
52
01:29Environmental Influences on Intelligence
148
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
148
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
34
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
34
01:30Information Processing Approach
23
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
23