基于变压器的深度学习整体框架使用卫生行政和出生登记数据预测自闭症谱系障碍
Kevin Dick1,2,3, Emily Kaczmarek4, Robin Ducharme5
1Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Ottawa, Canada. kdick@bornontario.ca.
Scientific reports
|April 8, 2025
概括
机器学习模型可以使用健康数据识别可能患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的幼儿. 这种方法可以提前诊断和获得关键的支持服务,以改善结果.
科学领域:
- 儿科神经学 儿科神经学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 公共卫生信息学 公共卫生信息学
背景情况:
- 早期诊断自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 对改善儿童的长期结果至关重要.
- 目前的ASD检测方法依赖于基于症状的病例发现,往往导致延迟或错过诊断.
- 现有的以人口为基础的ASD查工具在准确性上有局限性.
研究的目的:
- 评估机器学习模型在识别小孩患ASD增加可能性的有效性.
- 用健康管理和出生登记数据来预测早期的ASD风险.
- 使用先进的计算方法探索全民ASD查的可行性.
主要方法:
- 一个由707,274对母婴组成的队列被组装在一起,使用来自安大略省BORN的链接母婴新生儿数据.
- 极端梯度提升和合并的变压器深度学习模型被开发用于预测ASD诊断.
- 使用可解释的人工智能方法,确定了ASD的关键预测因素.
主要成果:
- 变压器模型中表现最好的组合在ASD预测方面获得了69.6%的AUC.
- 该模型在识别患有自闭症可能性较高的儿童时,显示了70.9%的灵敏度和56.9%的特异性.
- 在个人和人口层面确定了导致自闭症发展可能性的关键因素.
结论:
- 应用于常规收集的健康数据的机器学习模型可以有效地识别患ASD高风险的幼儿.
- 集成变压器模型为通用ASD查提供了一个有希望的方法,促进及时诊断.
- 这一数据驱动的战略支持早期干预,并为患有自闭症儿童提供获得基本资源的机会.
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