男性生殖策略的专业化与巨大的生殖腺和小的大脑相对应
Helen Stec1, Grace Y Zhang1, Ben A Sandkam1
1Department of Neurobiology and Behaviour, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14850, USA.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|April 8, 2025
概括
性选择会影响大脑和生殖腺的大小. 与能量权衡理论相反,这项研究揭示了繁殖策略,而不是直接的资源分配,塑造了鱼类的大脑进化.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 性选择影响性腺体大小,提出的能量权衡导致大脑大小减少.
- 之前的研究表明,关于生殖腺和大脑大小之间的直接能量权衡假设,结果各不相同.
研究的目的:
- 通过比较鱼类的大脑和性腺大小与离散的替代男性形态来调查雄性生殖策略是否强加了有力的权衡.
- 为了确定大脑和性腺大小之间的相关性是否是由直接的能量权衡或相关性选择驱动的.
主要方法:
- 通过*Poecilia parae* (胁迫,展示,潜伏) 的不同男性形态对大脑和性腺大小的比较分析.
- 检查在形态体内以及在具有灵活生殖策略的密切相关物种 (*Poecilia picta*, *Poecilia reticulata*) 中的大脑和生殖腺大小关系.
- 分析神经元与质细胞比率作为能量需求的代理.
主要成果:
- 在*Poecilia parae*中,强制性运动鞋的变形显示出更大的生殖腺和更小的大脑,最初暗示了一种充满活力的权衡.
- 内部形态分析和相关物种揭示了大脑和生殖腺大小之间的积极关系,这与直接的权衡相矛盾.
- 没有发现性腺大小和神经元与质细胞比率之间的相关性,这表明能量需求并没有直接联系.
结论:
- 生殖策略主要通过相关选择来塑造大脑进化,而不是直接的能量权衡.
- 这些发现挑战了性选择特征通过直接的资源分配来施加约束的假设.
- 相关选择可能会推动特征进化向多重生殖最佳方向发展.
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