在已建立抗菌药物管理计划的儿童医院开放抗生素处方
Rebecca G Same1,2, Giyoung Lee2,3, Jared Olson4
1Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Infection control and hospital epidemiology
|April 8, 2025
概括
大多数针对肺炎,尿路感染和皮肤感染的儿科出院抗生素处方都是不理想的. 这突出了通过更好的抗生素管理计划改善儿童抗生素使用的关键领域.
科学领域:
- 儿童传染病 儿童传染病
- 抗微生物药物管理委员会
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 抗生素管理计划 (ASP) 通常侧重于住院患者的抗生素使用.
- 在儿童中开放抗生素处方是一个重要的,但往往被忽视的护理方面.
- 医院出院的儿童中有很大一部分继续接受抗生素治疗.
研究的目的:
- 评估常见的儿科感染在出院时的抗生素处方实践.
- 评估社区获得性肺炎 (CAP),尿路感染 (UTI) 和皮肤/软组织感染 (SSTI) 的抗生素选择和持续时间的最佳性.
主要方法:
- 这是一项回顾性队列研究,涉及四家学术儿童医院的1,206次儿科接触.
- 对抗生素选择和治疗总持续时间 (DOT) 的分析与国家指导方针相比.
- 纳入标准侧重于18岁以下儿童不复杂的CAP,UTI和SSTI.
主要成果:
- 在77%的病例中观察到最佳的抗生素选择,但最佳的DOT仅在26%中实现.
- 只有20%的抗生素疗程符合最佳选择和DOT标准.
- 在80%的出院抗生素疗程中,出现了低于最佳的处方 (选择或DOT).
结论:
- 对于儿科CAP,尿道感染和SSTI的处方抗生素处方往往是不理想的.
- 通过优化排泄处方,有很大的机会提高儿童的抗生素使用率.
- 加强ASP包括出院处方是改善儿科抗生素治疗的关键.
相关概念视频
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
2.3K
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
2.3K
Standard Precaution
1.8K
Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
1.8K
Hand hygiene
3.1K
Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
Hand washing...
3.1K
Antibiotic Selection
52.0K
Overview
52.0K
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets
3.2K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
3.2K
Treating Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcers: Antimicrobial Therapy
279
Helicobacter pylori, a resilient gram-negative bacterium, can thrive in the stomach's harsh, acidic environment. Infection with H. pylori leads to a cascade of events within the stomach lining. One of the critical disruptions caused by this bacterium is the interference with somatostatin production, a hormone responsible for regulating acid secretion. This interference tips the balance, escalating acid secretion and diminishing bicarbonate levels. This imbalance compromises the defensive...
279


