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奥林匹克和国家运动员之间的差异:训练和经验是成功的关键
Giuseppe Di Gioia1,2,3, Viviana Maestrini1,4, Sara Monosilio1,4
1Institute of Sport Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Rome, Italy.
奥林匹克运动员比精英运动员年龄大,训练时间也比精英运动员多,但心脏状况和临床标记都相似. 训练量和专业知识是达到奥林匹克水平的关键.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
背景情况:
- 奥林匹克运动员 (OAS) 代表了人类的最高表现.
- 在OA和精英/国家运动员 (EA) 之间的区别是不清楚的.
- 了解这些区别可以为培训和绩效优化提供信息.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较OA和EA的生理和临床特征.
- 确定区分奥林匹克级别运动员与其他精英竞争者的因素.
- 为了研究心脏形态,运动能力和生化标志物.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及1472名运动员 (63.6%OA) 在各个学科的比较研究.
- 评估包括临床,人体测量,心声回声,运动压力和血液测试.
- 运动员被分为力量,技能,耐力和混合学科.
主要成果:
- 在所有学科中,OA年龄较大,训练的时间明显超过EA.
- 在OA和EA之间没有观察到心脏形态的显著差异.
- 与EA相比,OA表现出较低的血清,较低的甲状腺刺激激素和较高的LDL胆固醇.
结论:
- 奥林匹克运动员的特点是,与精英运动员相比,他们的年龄较大,训练量更高.
- 心脏重塑和大多数临床/实验室参数并不能显著区分OA与EA.
- 训练专业知识和训练量是获得奥林匹克地位的关键决定因素.
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