导航复杂性:在早期癌症检测新血液测试时代对风险评估的观点
Christina A Clarke1, Breeana L Mitchell2, Emma Alme3
1GRAIL, Inc., Menlo Park, California.
概括
早期癌症检测的新血液测试需要标准化的定义. 这项工作解决了为单一和多种癌症检测测试定义风险类别的挑战,以改善人口评估.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 生物标志物 生物标志物
- 医学诊断 医学诊断 医学诊断
背景情况:
- 基于血液的单种和多种癌症检测测试 (SCD和MCD) 的进展使得早期癌症信号识别成为可能.
- 现有的共识定义和证据框架对于这些新的液体活检试验是不够的.
- "癌症血液分析图谱"联盟成立了一个工作组,以解决这些标准化需求.
研究的目的:
- 讨论在癌症查测试中风险评估的关键术语定义方面的挑战.
- 适应多种癌症检测测试的风险分层术语 (例如"平均风险"",高风险").
- 澄清风险术语对定义预期使用群体的影响,并确定证据缺口.
主要方法:
- 早期检测和查工作组对癌症联盟的血液分析图谱进行了审查和讨论.
- 对预期使用群体的绝对和相对风险 (RR) 评估定义的挑战分析.
- 检查癌症查中绝对风险确定现有证据缺口的审查.
主要成果:
- 在将历史单一癌症检测风险术语应用于多种癌症检测测试时发现了挑战.
- 强调需要基于风险分层的预期使用人群的明确定义.
- 在确定查人群绝对风险的证据中发现了显著的差距.
结论:
- 标准化定义和风险评估框架对于精确实施基于血液的癌症检测测试至关重要.
- 需要进一步的研究,以建立可靠的证据来确定绝对风险,并完善多种癌症查的术语.
- 一致的语言对于描述人口和确保适当使用这些新兴诊断工具至关重要.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
02:53Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
02:59Cancer Prevention
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
02:50Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
02:59Cancer Prevention
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
01:21Cancer Survival Analysis
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...