在将人工智能整合到临床实践中的伦理挑战和不断发展的战略
Ellison B Weiner1, Irene Dankwa-Mullan2, William A Nelson3
1Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America.
PLOS digital health
|April 8, 2025
概括
医疗保健中的人工智能 (AI) 提供了变革性的潜力,但也引发了伦理方面的担忧. 解决偏见,透明度和患者权利对于公平的AI实施和信任至关重要.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 越来越多地融入医疗保健,有望彻底改变临床实践和患者的治疗结果.
- 然而,人工智能在医疗环境中的部署引入了重要的伦理挑战,需要仔细检查.
- 现有的医疗保健系统可能面临人工智能导致的偏见的加剧,这些偏见源于非代表性数据和不透明的算法.
研究的目的:
- 检查人工智能在医疗保健中的伦理格局,重点关注关键问题.
- 为了确定AI在医学部署的现有监管框架中的差距.
- 为负责任和公平的人工智能实施提出建议.
主要方法:
- 对医疗保健中人工智能应用的文献综述.
- 分析道德挑战,包括正义,公平,透明,同意,保密,问责和以患者为中心的护理.
- 审查现有的AI监管和部署框架.
主要成果:
- 人工智能系统可以延续和放大现有的社会偏见,特别是由于有偏见的数据集和缺乏透明度.
- 维持患者信任的挑战来自不透明的AI决策过程和数据隐私问题.
- 当前的监管框架存在差距,阻碍了在医疗保健中公平公正地采用人工智能.
结论:
- 算法设计中的公平性,人工智能决策中的透明度以及以患者为中心的数据隐私是必不可少的.
- 持续的道德审查和跨学科的合作对于负责任的AI实施至关重要.
- 采用这些策略可以提高AI的临床价值和可信度,确保向所有人群提供公平的服务.
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