新生儿大脑在典型和改变发育过程中的皮质缩放
Alexandra F Bonthrone1, Daniel Cromb1, Andrew Chew1
1Centre for the Developing Brain, Research Department of Early Life Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
概括
皮质折叠的大脑缩放规律在新生儿中成立,但早产婴儿表现出影响认知能力的障碍. 先天性心脏病影响大脑的整体大小,而不是折叠模式.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 比较解剖学的比较解剖学
背景情况:
- 已建立的缩放规律描述了哺乳动物和成年人的大脑体积和皮质旋转关系.
- 这些规律对典型和病态大脑发育的适用性,特别是新生儿,仍然被低估.
- 皮层折叠,厚度和表面积是大脑发育和组织的关键指标.
研究的目的:
- 研究新生儿大脑皮层厚度,表面积和折叠的缩放规律.
- 评估这些规律在典型发育的新生儿,早产婴儿和患有先天性心脏病 (CHD) 的婴儿中如何保持或改变.
- 检查与这些人群中的大脑大小,形状和折叠过程相关的多变体形态学术语.
主要方法:
- 利用了345名典型发育的婴儿,73名早产婴儿和107名患有心脏病的婴儿的大脑MRI扫描.
- 分析了控制皮层厚度 (CT),表面积 (SA) 和皮层折叠的缩放规律.
- 评估了多变量形态学术语,捕捉了大脑的大小,形状和折叠.
主要成果:
- 通常发育的新生儿和患有冠状动脉疾病的新生儿遵守有关暴露SA,总SA和CT的已建立的皮质折叠缩放规律.
- 皮质折叠缩放不受妊娠年龄,月经后年龄,性别或多胎状态的影响.
- 先天性心脏病与大脑大小的减少有关,但皮质折叠缩放完整.
- 过早分娩导致皮层折叠缩放和形状的改变,形状的改变与早期儿童的认知能力相关.
结论:
- 新生儿皮层折叠缩放在典型的发育和CHD中很大程度上被保留,这表明折叠过程的特定弹性.
- 过早分娩显著破坏皮质折叠和大脑形状的发育过程,对认知结果产生影响.
- 这些发现突出了早产婴儿和心脏病患者的神经发育轨迹的不同,为有针对性的干预提供了信息.
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