石油油在低度和高度水域的分散效率
Robyn N Conmy1, Devi Sundaravadivelu2, Blake A Schaeffer3
1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 Martin Luther King Drive West, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
Marine pollution bulletin
|April 8, 2025
概括
这项研究表明,化学分散剂在广泛的盐度中起作用,从每千分之0.2到125部分. 油滴大小分布为泄漏应对计划提供了关键的见解.
科学领域:
- 环境化学环境化学
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 化学工程是化学工程的重要组成部分.
背景情况:
- 化学分散剂对于减轻石油泄漏至关重要.
- 最佳的分散剂性能通常在海洋水中观察到,盐度约为每千分之35 (ppt).
- 盐度的自然变化,从淡水流入到超盐水池,可以影响分散剂的有效性.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估广泛的盐度范围 (0.2125 ppt) 对化学分散剂的分散效率 (DE) 的影响.
- 评估盐度如何影响不同原油和分散剂的油滴大小分布 (DSD).
- 为了将实验室规模的发现与坦克规模分散结果进行比较.
主要方法:
- 使用混瓶试验 (BFT) 来测量分散效率 (DE).
- 使用油滴大小分布 (DSD) 分析来描述分散的油.
- 在宽的盐度梯度中对轻油和中油原油测试了四种分散剂.
主要成果:
- 轻型和中型原油被测试的化学分散剂有效地分散在广泛的盐度范围内 (0.2125 ppt).
- 不同盐度的分散效率 (DE) 值是可比的,但相关的油滴大小分布 (DSD) 显著不同.
- 实验室规模的DSD结果得到了坦克规模的分散实验的支持.
结论:
- 化学分散剂在分散油的有效性方面保持了比以前假设的更广泛的度范围.
- 油滴大小分布 (DSD) 是了解泄漏油的命运和运输的关键参数,提供了比单独DE更详细的信息.
- 从实验室测试中获得的DSD数据可以为有效的石油泄漏应对计划和风险评估提供信息.
相关概念视频
Solubility
17.1K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
17.1K
Colloids
17.2K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
17.2K
Solution Formation
30.9K
There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...
This selective...
30.9K
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH
829
Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles...
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles...
829
Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility
43.5K
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
43.5K


