在造血干细胞或免疫细胞基因治疗后,目前的载体安全性和基因毒性景观
Giorgio Ottaviano1,2, Waseem Qasim3,4
1Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy. giorgioantonio.ottaviano@irccs-sangerardo.it.
Leukemia
|April 8, 2025
概括
对于血液疾病,使用lentiviral vector (LV) 的基因疗法更安全,但仍可能导致克隆扩张和恶性瘤. 研究人员正在对改性造血干细胞 (HSC) 和T细胞的基因毒性风险进行审查.
科学领域:
- 基因治疗 基因治疗
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
背景情况:
- 早期使用玛逆转录病毒载体 (γRV) 治疗血造干细胞 (HSC) 的基因疗法试验因恶性转变而面临安全问题.
- 自主无活化 (SIN) 晶状病毒载体 (LV) 的开发显著改善了安全性,使得各种疾病的广泛使用HSC基因疗法成为可能.
- 尽管有进展,但越来越多地认识到与载体集成,克隆扩张和HSC和T细胞疗法中潜在的二次恶性瘤相关的长期风险.
研究的目的:
- 总结关于基因修饰的HSC和T细胞疗法的当前临床数据.
- 重新评估与活体基因修改技术相关的基因毒性风险.
- 为了解决对接受基因治疗的患者恶性转变和克隆扩张的新兴担忧.
主要方法:
- 对临床试验数据和不良事件报告的审查.
- 分析矢量集成模式及其与克隆扩张的关联.
- 检查不同病毒载体系统 (γRV,SIN-LV) 的基因毒性概况.
主要成果:
- 虽然与gRV相比,SIN-LV载体降低了风险,但已经出现了与特定促进体和绝缘体元素相关的血液性恶性病例.
- 有关工程T细胞恶性转变的可能性存在担忧,挑战了以前的假设.
- 矢量集成仍然是推动克隆扩张的关键因素,造成长期安全风险.
结论:
- 虽然HSC和T细胞基因疗法有益,但具有固有的基因毒性风险,需要持续监测.
- 需要进一步的研究,以充分理解和减轻载体集成和克隆扩展的长期安全影响.
- 精心选择载体成分和严格的长期患者随访对于安全的基因疗法应用至关重要.
相关概念视频
Gene Therapy
25.0K
Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
25.0K
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
3.1K
All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
3.1K
Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration
4.0K
Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...
4.0K
In-vitro Mutagenesis
13.6K
To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
13.6K


