临床实践中的GPT-4:评估其从癌症患者笔记中提取症状的能力
Fatemeh Shah-Mohammadi1, Joseph Finkelstein1
1Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, USA.
Studies in health technology and informatics
|April 9, 2025
概括
GPT-4o显示出从临床笔记中提取患者症状和征兆的潜力,实现了高回忆和特异性. 温度设置会影响这个关键任务的输出变化和精度.
科学领域:
- 在医疗保健中的自然语言处理.
- 临床信息学 临床信息学
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
背景情况:
- 从临床记录中准确地提取患者的症状和症状,对于诊断,治疗和研究至关重要.
- 需要自动化方法来有效处理大量的临床文本数据.
研究的目的:
- 评估GPT-4o在从护理笔记中提取症状和迹象的能力.
- 评估不同温度设置对提取性能的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用了包含护理笔记的MIMIC-III数据集.
- 采用GPT-4o与两个温度设置 (1和0.3) 症状和标志提取.
- 使用精度,特异性,回忆和F1分数来测量性能.
主要成果:
- 更高的温度 (1) 产生了更多样化的输出,平均精度为79%和特异性为96%,但显示出显著的变化.
- 较低的温度 (0.3) 导致更为保守但精度明显降低 (平均45%).
- 在最佳温度设置下观察到高回忆率和特异性.
结论:
- 作为临床症状和标志提取的辅助工具,GPT-4o显示出有前途.
- 温度参数调整对于平衡输出多样性和提取精度至关重要.
- 进一步的研究可以改进人工智能模型,以便可靠地提取临床数据.
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