气候变化如何影响过敏性鼻炎:一个范围审查
Alisha R Pershad1, Reethu Krishnan1, Esther Lee1
1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
The Laryngoscope
|April 9, 2025
概括
气候变化正在通过延长花粉季节和增加花粉度,使过敏性鼻炎 (AR) 恶化. 这影响了AR的患病率和严重程度,强调了医疗保健专业人员对气候变化和健康的教育的需要.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 过敏学 过敏学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 气候变化对全球健康构成重大威胁,特别影响上呼吸道炎症疾病,如过敏性鼻炎 (AR).
- 全球变暖趋势显然与影响AR流行率和症状的环境因素的变化有关.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和描述气候变化的全球流行病学影响对成人和儿科人口的过敏性鼻炎.
- 综合当前关于气候变化如何影响AR疾病模式和相关医疗保健利用的证据.
主要方法:
- 在四个数据库中进行了全面的文献搜索,遵守PRISMA指南.
- 纳入标准侧重于2000年至2023年间发表的英语研究,报告AR流行病学,气候变化因素以及对过敏季节和症状的观察影响.
- 两名独立审查员选了文章,并进行了全文审查,以确保研究的资格.
主要成果:
- 在502篇评估文章中,有30篇符合入选标准.
- 十六项研究证实,气候变化导致花粉季节更长和/或花粉度更高,预计北美地区的花粉量将大幅增加.
- 四项研究报告了AR相关的医疗保健使用量增加,不成比例地影响低收入人口,两项研究指出,医疗保健专业人员希望获得更多的气候变化教育.
结论:
- 气候变化正在积极重塑过敏性鼻炎的景观,影响花粉动态,疾病患病率和症状严重程度.
- 这些发现强调了卫生专业人员越来越多地认识到气候变化对健康的影响,以及对增强教育资源的需求.
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