患有CKD和移植患者的睡眠相关疾病
Nicolas Vendeville1, Istvan Mucsi1, Miklos Z Molnar2
1Division of Nephrology, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
概括
失眠,不安腿综合征 (RLS) 和睡眠呼吸暂停 (SA) 等睡眠障碍在慢性病 (CKD) 患者中很普遍. 解决这些情况对于改善CKD和末期病 (ESKD) 的结果和生活质量至关重要.
科学领域:
- 腎病學和睡眠醫學.
- 关于慢性病 (CKD) 和并发病的临床研究
背景情况:
- 睡眠障碍,包括失眠,不安腿综合征 (RLS) 和睡眠呼吸暂停 (SA),在慢性病 (CKD) 患者中非常普遍.
- 这些睡眠障碍的发生率和严重程度随着功能下降而升级,特别是在末期病 (ESKD) 中.
- 疲劳是CKD,ESKD和移植接受者 (KTRs) 的常见症状,通常与睡眠障碍有关,并对健康结果产生负面影响.
研究的目的:
- 审查CKD患者的流行病学,风险因素和睡眠障碍 (失眠,RLS,SA) 和疲劳的关联.
- 讨论这些疾病对CKD进展,发病率,死亡率和与健康相关的生活质量的影响.
- 在CKD和移植后护理的背景下,强调睡眠障碍的非药物和药物治疗选择.
主要方法:
- 综合性文献综述,重点关注CKD患者的睡眠障碍和疲劳.
- 对慢性病不同阶段的流行病学数据的分析,包括血液透析,腹腔透析 (PD) 和移植接受者 (KTR).
- 综合有关诊断方法,风险因素,相关结果和治疗策略的信息.
主要成果:
- 失眠的患病率在CKD中从30%-67%到KTR中从9%-49%不等,明显高于一般人群.
- 与一般人群 (1%-15%) 相比,RLS的患病率在CKD (5%-18%) 和透析患者 (24%-64%) 中较高.
- 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA) 影响40-69%的CKD患者,在透析方式和KTR中发生的比例有所不同.
结论:
- 睡眠障碍和疲劳是CKD管理中的重要,未被认可的问题,随着疾病的进展而恶化.
- 这些情况与不良结果有关,包括加速CKD进展,增加发病率和死亡率.
- 有效的管理策略,包括非药物和药物干预措施,对于改善患者福祉和临床结果至关重要.
关键词:
移植 移植 移植
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