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相关概念视频

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization01:37

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

10.4K
One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
For example, lysosomes in the animal...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
4.5K
Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

4.6K
The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles,...
4.6K
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

5.5K
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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The Nucleus01:32

The Nucleus

89.3K
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
89.3K

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 23, 2025

Isolation of Nuclei from Flash-Frozen Liver Tissue for Single-Cell Multiomics
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Isolation of Nuclei from Flash-Frozen Liver Tissue for Single-Cell Multiomics

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空间多组学揭示了细胞类型特定的核区

Yodai Takei1, Yujing Yang2, Jonathan White2

  • 1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. ytakei@caltech.edu.

Nature
|April 9, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

这项研究引入了双层DNAseqFISH+用于绘制单细胞中的基因组位置,转录组和核结构. 它揭示了小鼠大脑中细胞类型特定的染色体组织和基因调节.

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Author Spotlight: Advancing Biomedical Research Through Single Cell Analysis
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Author Spotlight: Nuclei Isolation from Mouse Cardiac Progenitor Cells for Epigenome and Gene Expression Profiling at Single-Cell Resolution
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相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 23, 2025

Isolation of Nuclei from Flash-Frozen Liver Tissue for Single-Cell Multiomics
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Biomedical Research Through Single Cell Analysis
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Author Spotlight: Nuclei Isolation from Mouse Cardiac Progenitor Cells for Epigenome and Gene Expression Profiling at Single-Cell Resolution
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Author Spotlight: Nuclei Isolation from Mouse Cardiac Progenitor Cells for Epigenome and Gene Expression Profiling at Single-Cell Resolution

Published on: May 12, 2023

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科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学
  • 基因组学
  • 表观遗传学

背景情况:

  • 哺乳动物的核包含多种细胞类型的特定亚核结构,影响基因调节和基因组组织.
  • 了解这些结构需要在复杂组织中的单个细胞中绘制它们的分子组成部分,基因组协会和转录效应.

研究的目的:

  • 开发和应用一种新型的高分辨率多组学方法,同时绘制单细胞中的基因组位置,新生转录组和亚核结构.
  • 研究细胞类型特定的染色体组织,基因调控和复杂组织中亚核结构的作用.

主要方法:

  • 开发双层DNAseqFISH+用于同时绘制100,049个基因组位置,17856个基因的新生转录组和单细胞中的亚核结构.
  • 该方法应用于成年小鼠大脑多组数据集.
  • 基于成像的染色体分析数据,基因组尺度从100-200基基到1兆基基.

主要成果:

  • 抑制性染色体区域在整个基因组中表现出比活性区域更大的细胞类型变异性.
  • RNA聚合酶II焦点与长,细胞类型特定的基因相关,与核斑点不同.
  • 细胞类型特定的异性染色素 (H3K27me3,H4K20me3) 在基因/中进行丰富,影响神经元和质细胞中的染色体定位和相互作用.

结论:

  • 两层DNAseqFISH+提供了单细胞,高分辨率的亚核结构及其基因组关联的多组图.
  • 这些发现提供了关于亚核结构对复杂组织中的基因调节和3D基因组组织的影响的见解.