对空间错觉的易感性并不取决于视觉体验:来自有视力和盲目的儿童的证据
Sarah M Cooney1,2, Corinne A Holmes1, Giulia Cappagli3
1Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)
|April 10, 2025
概括
空间幻觉不仅仅取决于视力,因为有视力的孩子和天生盲的孩子都通过触摸来体验它们. 这些发现表明,视觉体验所精炼的先天机制可能是空间错觉的基础.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 视觉空间幻觉是一种感知扭曲,可以从学习的环境规律或感官机制招募中产生的.
- 以前的研究表明,幻觉可能涉及amodal感知推断,因为幼儿和盲人成年人表现出易感性.
- 存在相互矛盾的证据,一些研究表明,天生的机制有助于幻觉,特别是在新见的人身上.
研究的目的:
- 调查感官和认知影响对视觉空间幻觉的作用.
- 区分幻觉易受性的天生的和学习的组成部分.
- 在空间幻觉的感知中探索交叉模式的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 通过视觉,触觉和双模探索,研究了6-14岁儿童对埃宾豪斯,米勒-莱尔和垂直-水平幻觉的易感性.
- 测试了17名天生失明的儿童,以测试他们对幻觉的触觉敏感性.
- 分析了与年龄相关的幻觉易感性的变化.
主要成果:
- 所有年龄段的儿童都容易受到三种视觉错觉的影响.
- 触觉探索本身就诱发了范围的错觉,但不是大小.
- 出生失明的儿童表现出对触觉错觉的易感性,类似于有视力的儿童.
- 老年儿童的敏感性降低表明明确的空间知识不是主要的调解者.
结论:
- 视觉体验对于感知空间幻觉并不是必不可少的.
- 空间幻觉似乎是由天生的发育过程驱动的.
- 这些天生的过程并不完全依赖视觉,而是通过视觉输入来改进.
- 通常与视觉相关的大脑区域的交叉模式相互作用可能是错觉感知的基础.
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