保护效果是否会持续下去? 替代+预警/注射技术在减少依赖错误信息和依赖回归方面在持续影响作用程序中的有效性
Klara Austeja Buczel1, Adam Siwiak1, Magdalena Kękuś2
1Doctoral School in the Social Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
概括
持续影响效应 (CIE) 即使在纠正错误信息后也会持续存在. 虽然替代解释有帮助,但它们对对错误信息的依赖的保护作用不会随着时间的推移而持久.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 信息科学 信息科学 信息科学
背景情况:
- 持续影响效应 (CIE) 表明,在撤回后,人们持续依赖错误信息.
- 目前的反制措施,如预警和替代解释,提供有限且不持久的保护.
- 信念回归,随着时间的推移,误导信息的依赖程度的增加,是令人担忧的.
研究的目的:
- 评估替代解释技术在缓解CIE方面的有效性.
- 评估替代解释与预警或注射对CIE和信念回归的综合影响.
- 调查这些干预措施的长期耐用性.
主要方法:
- 进行了两项涉及441名参与者的实验.
- 参与者接触到错误信息,随后得到了更正信息.
- 干预措施包括替代解释,预警和接种疫苗,随着时间的推移进行评估.
主要成果:
- 仅仅替代性解释就减少了CIE.
- 将替代解释与预警或接种疫苗相结合,最初增加了保护,但没有持续超过7天.
- 随着时间的推移,对错误信息的依赖性增加了,这表明一种与信仰回归不同的现象.
结论:
- 虽然替代解释和组合技术最初显示出希望,但它们在防止持续依赖错误信息的长期有效性有限.
- 随着时间的推移,人们对错误信息的依赖有所增加,尽管人们记得纠正,但这表明"依赖回归"而不是"信念回归".
- 需要对认知机制进行进一步的研究,以制定针对错误信息的持久策略.
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