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青少年团队运动运动员体育表现的年龄和性别差异
Lars M Tingelstad1, Truls Raastad1, Grethe Myklebust2
1Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway.
European journal of sport science
|April 10, 2025
概括
青少年运动员的身体表现随着年龄的增长而有所改善. 男孩通常表现优于女孩,性别差异从U14扩大到U16,这凸显了需要个性化培训计划的需要.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 青少年发展 青少年发展
- 人类表现的人类表现.
背景情况:
- 了解青少年运动员的身体表现差异对于人才发展和伤害预防至关重要.
- 像足球和手球这样的团队体育运动涉及到在青少年时期演变的各种身体需求.
研究的目的:
- 调查青少年团队体育运动员体育表现的年龄和性别相关变化.
- 确定特定的绩效指标,显示各年龄组 (U14,U16,U18) 和性别的显著差异.
主要方法:
- 招募了473名挪威青少年足球和手球运动员进行人体测量和身体表现评估.
- 测量了关键性能指标,包括30米冲刺,方向变化 (CoD),反运动跳跃 (CMJ) 和相对强度.
- 分析了数据,以比较U14,U16和U18年龄类别以及性别之间的表现.
主要成果:
- 随着年龄的增长,男性和女性的体力表现均有所改善,但年龄类别之间存在显著差异.
- 在所有测试的体力表现指标中,男孩的表现始终优于女孩.
- 性别之间的表现差距从U14扩大到U16,特别是在冲刺,CoD,CMJ和相对力量方面,但在U18没有进一步增加.
- 在所有年龄组中,在表现和人体测量方面发现了实质性的群内变异.
结论:
- 身体表现的性别差异在青春期早期 (U14-U16) 出现和放大,但在青春期晚期 (U18) 稳定下来.
- 在这些阶段,女孩的早期成熟可能会导致相对体力发育比男孩慢.
- 由于青少年运动员群体体体育表现的巨大差异,个性化训练计划是必不可少的.
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