大型语言模型中固有的偏见:随机抽样分析
Noel F Ayoub1, Karthik Balakrishnan2, Marc S Ayoub3
1Division of Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery, Mass Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health
|April 10, 2025
概括
生成型人工智能 (AI) 模拟揭示了医生在生死决策中的重大偏见. 大型语言模型 (LLM) 支持与模拟医生相似的患者,影响医疗保健公平.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理与人工智能 医学伦理与人工智能
- 卫生信息学和偏见检测
背景情况:
- 人们越来越担心大型语言模型 (LLM) 的固有偏见,安全性和错误信息潜力.
- 这些担忧对将人工智能纳入医疗保健决策产生了重大影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查基于生成人工智能 (AI) 的医生模拟是否在生死决策中表现出偏见.
- 用人工智能模拟来评估资源稀缺的临床场景中的偏见.
主要方法:
- 开发了13个问题,模拟了医生在资源有限的环境中做出关键治疗选择.
- 利用OpenAI的GPT-4来模拟每个问题的1000个独特的医生和患者,确保多样化的人口统计.
- 患者具有类似的先验生存概率;医生根据有限的资源选择一个患者来挽救.
主要成果:
- 模拟医生始终表现出种族,性别,年龄,政治归属和性取向偏见.
- 医生主要偏爱与他们共同的人口特征的患者 (P<.05).
- 观察到的特定偏见包括无特征的医生偏爱白人,男性,年轻患者;政治归属影响了选择 (民主党人偏爱黑人/女性;共和党人偏爱白人/男性).
结论:
- 公开可用的大型语言模型在模拟的临床决策中表现出显著的偏差.
- 如果人工智能工具在没有保障的情况下用于临床支持,这些偏见可能会对患者的结果产生负面影响.
- 迫切需要在医疗保健应用中对人工智能进行偏差缓解策略.
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