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马拉维替代婴儿和新生儿轮状病毒疫苗接种计划的成本效益分析

Catherine Wenger¹, Ernest O Asare^1,2, Jiye Kwon^1,2

¹Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.

PLOS global public health

|April 10, 2025

概括

马拉维目前的轮状病毒疫苗策略可以避免数百万个病例. 添加第三剂量或切换到新生儿疫苗为预防轮状病毒疾病提供了更大的公共卫生和经济效益.

科学领域:

公共卫生公共卫生
疫苗学疫苗学疫苗学
卫生经济学卫生经济学

背景情况:

罗塔病毒是导致5岁以下儿童严重腹的主要原因,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs).
疫苗接种是预防轮状病毒的关键,但在LMICs中有效性受到挑战.
马拉维需要最佳的轮状病毒疫苗策略,以最大限度地发挥影响.

研究的目的:

模拟和比较马拉维轮状病毒疫苗接种策略的影响和成本效益.
评估当前的两剂Rotarix计划与替代计划和新的新生儿疫苗 (RV3-BB) 相比.
为马拉维在2025-2034年间制定最佳的轮状病毒疫苗政策.

主要方法:

罗塔病毒的传播动态模型被用来估计病例.
从政府和社会角度进行了成本效益分析.
概率灵敏度分析评估了参数的不确定性.

主要成果:

目前的两剂Rotarix策略具有成本效益,可以避免超过150万个病例和9万个DALY.
增加第三剂Rotarix可以预防100万例;转换为RV3-BB可以预防110万例.
与目前的战略相比,新生儿疫苗预计将节省370万美元.

结论:

在WTP门超过138美元/日避免增加第三剂Rotarix是具有成本效益的.
新生儿RV3-BB疫苗为马拉维目前的轮状病毒疫苗接种提供了一个更具成本效益的替代方案.
这两种替代策略都比目前的方法提供了实质性的优势.

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